Burger King Case Study - 1437 Words

Prin. Of Marketing Burger King Case Study In the fast food world the market for the consumer’s dollars is as cutthroat as in any market out there. So far McDonald’s and its golden arches have reined supreme, leaving the leftovers for the likes of Wendy’s and Burger King. After several years of steadily declining profits, and upset franchisees, Burger King decided it was time for a change, both in its approach towards it marketing structure to the way it built and supplied new locations. With this desire to change the way the world looked at Burger King, and create new interest in their products, BK introduced its â€Å"Ace-in-the-hole†, the King. It was the rebirth of a retro BK adds campaign redone for the 21st century. I’m going to look†¦show more content†¦So, has Burger Kings strategic market planning worked? First I will look over a SWOT analysis to identify the landscape of the market and that will allow me to better analyze the effectiveness of their strategic planning. BK has several strengths that I could indentify: New Marketing Strategy, a diverse evolving menu, new more cost effective stores, and now with 3G Capital on their sidelines. Weaknesses of BK start with a large number of locations being run down and out of date as well as strong competition from competitors. Also they have been slow to change over to fat-free and Trans fat-free menu options which has hurt the company. Some opportunities on the horizon for BK stems from the expansion into international markets. They are also doing work to bring around a full change to more efficient, drive-thru locations that are cheaper and more energy efficient. â€Å"Meanwhile, new stores are smaller, reducing building costs by 20 to 25 percent, Chidsey said. They sit on a half-acre of land rather than a full acre, and have 40 or 60 seats compared to 100 or more — following studies that show only about 20 percent of customers eat inside(Assoc. Press, 2007).† All t his bodes well for BK but I also want to look at several of the threats facing them. These start with a struggling economy, pressure from health conscious organizations, as well as competition from the new hybrid â€Å"fast-casual†Show MoreRelatedBurger King Case Study1295 Words   |  6 PagesBackground Burger King is a global  chain  of  hamburger  fast food restaurants  headquartered in  unincorporated  Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The company began in 1953 as Insta-Burger King,in  Jacksonville, Florida. After Insta-Burger King ran into financial difficulties in 1955, its two Miami-based franchisees,  David Edgerton  and  James McLamore, purchased the company and renamed it Burger King. Over the next half century the company would change hands four times, with its third set of ownersRead MoreEssay on Burger King Case Study958 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study #6 Burger King and Crispin 1. What are Burger King’s communication objectives for its tar-get audience? In 2004, Burger King’s CEO Brad Blum realized that in order to compete with large chains like McDonald’s and Wendy’s, the company needed to market their product in ways that their target market would perceive better. The first set of commercials that Crispin produced for BK where targeted more towards the mainstream media in a series of offbeat ads that were a takeoff on the comedyRead MoreCase Study : Burger King 1834 Words   |  8 Pages Burger King. McDonalds.Wendy’s. All of these restaurants have one thing in common: they all are apart of the fast food chain. A chain that is supported by 1 of 4 Americans each day. Americans. The ones who say â€Å"filing my taxes are easier than doing taxes.† Although this statement is sad, it is true. It is very challenging to eat healthy by the way we run our lives. Not to mention it is nearly impossible to go into a grocery store and find a true well balanced meal without spending an hour inRead MoreCa se Study : Burger King V. Rudzewicz919 Words   |  4 Pages LAW 501 Session 1 Case Study Brian Rusche Colorado Christian University â€Æ' LAW 501 Session 1 Case Study Burger King v. Rudzewicz This case determined whether personal jurisdiction applied to a franchisee of Burger King restaurants, whose headquarters was in Miami, Florida, when the franchisee and his restaurant were in Drayton Plains, Michigan. The Supreme Court found that personal jurisdiction did apply, holding that â€Å"Jurisdiction is proper, however, where the contacts proximately result fromRead MoreCase Study : Burger King s Promotion1091 Words   |  5 PagesPromotion Burger King promotes their products by sending out direct mailers every month with discount coupons to one of their target market, which are young adults and low-income families. The mailers advertise â€Å"Over $70 dollars in savings†. â€Å"One of the coupons in the mailer offers two Whoppers, two small french fries, and two small drinks for $ 8.99† (BK mailer , 2016). These deals are so good that their target market the young adult and low-income families can afford to eat at Burger King restaurantsRead MoreBurger King1185 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study: Burger King Beefs Up By Janet Mosha Burger King is the world’s largest chain of flame-broiled fast food restaurants. Its core competency is its flame-broiled burgers; whereas other fast food hamburger joints serve fried burgers or no burgers at all, Burger King offers the unique flame-broiled burgers with any options that a customer might like, consumers have the benefit of having a burger they cannot find elsewhere. Initially Burger King only sold burgers, fries, shakes, and sodas;Read MoreFast Food Case Study Iscom/471 Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesFast Food Case Study Burger King and McDonalds’ are two different fast food restaurants that both serve hamburger and fries, in a fast and friendly environment that is affordable. McDonalds, serves the notorious quarter pounder, while Burger Kings claim to fame is the charbroiled Whopper, both of which will be compared. The customer expectations, process of production, and the effectiveness are the factors in which separate these two, and recommendations after the case study will be prepared. Read MoreMARKETING SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING OF BURGER KING1072 Words   |  5 PagesSEGMENTATION, Targeting and positioning of BURGER KING Background The following is the analysis the segmentation, targeting positioning of Burger King. Burger King Corporation is founded by James McLamore and David Edgerton, beginning the legacy of flame-broiled beef and commitment to quality ingredients and friendly service. BURGER KING is the second largest fast food hamburger chain in the world. Nowadays, more than 11 million guests visit BURGER KING Restaurants around the world. When back toRead MoreBurger King Marketing Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pagescompanies create value for customers and build strong customers relationships in order to capture value from customers in return, Kotler amp; Armstrong (2010). Burger King Corporation (BKC) is one of the world’s leading fast food restaurants with more than 12,170 restaurants in 76 countries throughout the world. The chain offers a range of burgers, sandwiches, salads and breakfasts, french fries, soft drinks and other food items. The company generates revenue from three sources: retail sales at companyRead MoreCustomer Service At Mcdonald s And Burger King1472 Words   |  6 PagesCUSTOMER SERVICE IN THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRY Introduction McDonald’s and Burger King are leading restaurants in the fast food industry and are both committed to delivering excellent services to the customers. In the two fast food stores, there are differences in terms of the kind of food they prepare and the services they offer in the food stores. I a privileged to dine in the two restaurants at a time and made some few observations regarding the services they offer. At McDonald’s they usually engaged

SPANanam Question Papers - Preparation Tips For the Study

SPANanam Question Papers - Preparation Tips For the StudyToday, the winning in the SPANanam Question Papers can make a person an achiever and career changer. The students also look forward to SPANanam Question Papers every year when they prepare for the Class X. Every student has an idea about the SPANanam Question Papers but it is better to know about the types of questions that are asked in such question papers.The examination is mainly based on the original questions and several were in the original form. The questions for the SPANanam question papers are classified into three main categories and this includes rhetorical, factual and contextual questions. Based on the three different categories of the questions for the SPANanam question papers are written.Each category is divided into many specific topics which help the examinees to understand the subject matter. In the past, the questions were arranged by subject matter but now, the class give the answers in a set format and then the questions are arranged based on the answers. After writing all the questions and the answers in the SPANanam question papers, the candidates usually review the question papers and highlight the problem areas, main points and basic problems in their answers. After reviewing, the examiners mark the SPANanam papers with their comments.During the preparation of the SPANanam Question Papers, the examiner can ask questions to their instructors or the lecturers to get a better understanding of the topic. The examination contains both factual and rhetorical questions. The rhetorical questions are the ones which can prove to be really challenging for the examinees. The fact questions are not difficult but they contain several points and sometimes the students find it hard to answer these questions.The SPANanam question papers also contain grammatical, cultural and historical questions. These questions are some of the most interesting of the type and also very difficult to answer. The ex aminees will have to explain the basic concepts of the culture or country or language that they are going to answer the questions for. These kinds of questions will require the examinees to have a thorough knowledge about the particular culture or country.Most of the students who want to excel in the examination normally go for the English Language Assessment Test (ELAT). The candidates need to take this test in order to get the grades they want. The class administration personnel will record the standardized test score and give the final grades to the candidates. The candidates need to prepare for the final level test in order to get the highest marks possible.The examinees can prepare for the test by attending class and preparing their own lectures. The candidates can download sample lecture and practice speaking it. The candidates may also take the final exam online through an online facility and pass the final test from the comfort of their homes. Candidates may also enroll for the SPANanam Question Papers online in order to get the question papers prepared for them. This way, the candidates do not have to attend the class to get the SPANanam Question Papers and they can also choose their option of seating arrangement for the examination.Some of the candidates also join the different coaching courses in order to get different exams prepared for them. There are so many coaching services available in the market that help the candidates to get the best result. Some of the centers do not charge the candidates for the SPANanam question papers. It is important for the candidates to ensure that they take good care of their SPANanam Question Papers so that they are able to pass the examination successfully.

Help Getting a Check For the CHIP

Help Getting a Check For the CHIPWhen it comes to getting a check for the Children's Health Insurance Program, I want to help you answer the question: How do I get a check for the CHIP? In this article I will give you an overview of how to get a check for the CHIP.First of all, you need to understand that the CHIP program was created as a pilot program. There are still issues that need to be addressed in order to make it a permanent program. Many of the questions we have here are issues that were pointed out during the pilot testing phase of the CHIP program.My first suggestion is to get a check for the CHIP before you find a way to pay for your child's insurance. There are many parents who come here looking for some help with getting a check for the CHIP. If you are one of these parents, I would suggest that you do not get a check for the CHIP and instead move forward with getting your insurance coverage. This is because it is better to pay off the balance on your plan today than pa y off the whole plan and then pay the premiums on it for the next five years.If you have decided to get a check for the CHIP, the next step is to figure out how you can make sure you have a way to pay for the check. The first thing that you need to figure out is where you will be able to put all of the money that you get from the check. Here is an example. You want to pay the amount on the check with a debit card.The card you need to get are Visa or MasterCard. They are the most popular types of cards that are being used right now. You may need to use a merchant account and be issued a credit card at the same time that you get your check for the CHIP.Once you have a credit card, you can buy a certificate of deposit. This is a paper that is put into a savings account, which keeps your money until you need it. Once you have this type of paper you can deposit your money into your savings account and will be able to pay off the check for the CHIP that you get.Hopefully this information will help you answer the question: How do I get a check for the CHIP? Check back for more of my blog postings on this topic.

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Approach to Psychology Free Essays

The psychoanalytic approach to psychology is based on the system of psychoanalysis, developed by Sigmund Freud (1859 – 1939). Freud was interested in studies of the unconscious mind and mental illness. He preformed studies to look into human personality, psychosexual development and conducted method of treatments to determine the causes of neurotic mental illness. We will write a custom essay sample on Freud’s Psychoanalytic Approach to Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Freud thought that mental illness was caused by early childhood trauma of which treatment for such illness could only be successful when these childhood memories were dealt with and overcome. He developed his own technique to try and remember and overcome the events from their past that had disturbed their development. He made his patients describe anything that came into their mind no matter how silly they thought it may be. This technique helped Freud determine the cause of the mental illness and encouraged the patient to resurface repressed memories. Freud thought this would help them come to terms with the events helping overcome the illness, which was said to be ‘removing the neurosis’. According to Freud, everything we do, why we do things, who we are and how we became like this are all related to our sexual drive. Childhood sexual experiences will determine our personality in adult life. Freud outlined 5 stages of sexual development. In each stage the libido, the energy from the love instinct, Eros, fixates on different parts of the body, focusing on sexual pleasure on that specific part. Differences in the way sexual pleasure is obtained in each stage will lead to differences in adult personalities. Oral Stage – This occurs from birth to 8 months old when the libido fixates on the mouth. Sexual pleasure is obtained by sucking, gumming, biting and swallowing. Insufficient and forceful feeding can cause fixation in this stage causing symptoms like smoking, eating and drinking to excess, argumentative, sarcastic, demanding and exploitive personalities in adult life. Anal Stage – This occurs from 8 months to 4 years old when the libido fixates on the anal orifice. Sexual pleasure is obtained through stimulation of the anal membrane with bowl movement and withholding of such movement. Fixation in this stage can be caused by how the child copes with toilet training and how they are trained by their parents. There are 2 types of anal fixation. Phallic Stage – This occurs from 3-6 years old, when the libido fixates on the genitals. Sexual pleasure is obtained through stimulation of the genitals. The key event at this stage is the attraction to the parent of the opposite sex together with the envy and fear of the parent of the same sex. In boys this situation is called the ‘Oedipus Complex’ and in girls it is called the ‘Electra Complex’. Boys experience ‘castration anxiety’ caused by the fear of the fathers punishment for the desire for his mother, which is overcome when his conscious comes to realise that incest is wrong. Girls on the other hand experience ‘penis envy’ believing that they once had a penis, but due to castration has lost it. She becomes hostile and aggressive towards her mother who she believes did the castration and a special tenderness for her father. This is overcome when the girl’s affections are directed towards other males. The Latency Period – This occurs from 5-12 years when the libido is de-sexualised and directed out into peer group activities. It is a stage where there is little sexual activity and allows children to focus their energy on other aspects of life. Earlier sexual activities are repressed to the unconscious mind and this stage lasts until puberty when their sexuality is re-awakened. Puberty and Adolescence – This occurs from 12-16years when all sexual impulses re-appear. The child experiments with all their previous patterns of sexual activity until gradually leading to normal genitality. After this stage the individual will develop intimate sexual relationships. Freud’s theories enabled him to develop a dynamic model of personality. His writings on psychosexual development set the groundwork for how our personalities developed. He also believed that there were 3 different driving forces that develop during these stages which played an important role on how we interact with the world. According to Freud we are all born with our Id. This is a drive that needs immediate satisfaction and does not consider anything else. Like a newborn baby, the Id is present at birth and causes the baby to cry when it needs feeding, changing, and is the babies way of getting its needs met immediately. The second part of our personality comes within the next three years, which Freud called the Ego. As the child interacts more with the world they learn and understand the needs and desires of others. It is the Ego that works to satisfy the Id, as well as considering others. Eventually, usually after the phallic stage of development, the Super-Ego develops. This is the moral part of our personality letting us know what is right and what is wrong. Freud’s theories brought with them a lot of criticism. Many psychologists thought Freud’s theories were imprecise and un-testable, as in the latency period of psychosexual development all experiences and sexual activities in the earlier stages are repressed. This meaning the individuals will have no memories of these experiences, therefore they can not be proven. His theories were said to be unfair in the way they had been studied. It was based on a small sample of people which were middle class, middle aged Jewish women, most of which had mental illnesses. These factors such as age, gender, culture and mental state should have been considered trough Freud’s studies as they could well be factors that also affect the way in which we develop mentally and sexually and could differ from each individual dependent upon these factors. How to cite Freud’s Psychoanalytic Approach to Psychology, Papers

What Are The Advantages and Disadvantages of Brand Stretching Essay Example

What Are The Advantages and Disadvantages of Brand Stretching Paper In addressing the above question it is first important to establish what a brand is and the implications this gives to both existing products and products that may be laundered using existing titles. This essay will examine articles written concerning the stretching of brands and identify which brands have been successful and unsuccessful in this pursuit and why. It will also examine the financial motives for companies to penetrate existing markets using already established new products or services has lead to prosperity or disaster. The American Marketing Association refer to branding as the use of a name, a term, a symbol or a design to identify the goods or services of one seller and to distinguish them from those of the competition (WK4 Lecture). This use of branding is said to create an identity of the product that quickly allows consumers to identify a desired item and also gives a guarantee of quality of the product. Branding is also seen as being mutually beneficial to Manufacturers as protection is offered from competition, it allows maintenance of a premium price, promotion is made more efficient because the brand helps to evoke an image, and it also helps in the introduction of new products with the same brand name (WK4 Lectures). We will write a custom essay sample on What Are The Advantages and Disadvantages of Brand Stretching specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Are The Advantages and Disadvantages of Brand Stretching specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Are The Advantages and Disadvantages of Brand Stretching specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer King (1971 p.3/4) writes of the rise of power of manufacturers by branding their products, thus taking control of the market from the wholesalers, by allowing retailers and consumers to more easily identify products they wanted. This process was moved further forward by manufacturers creating direct links with the buying public through the use of advertising. King states that the basic motive for this was to stabilise demand, thus allowing regular large-scale production, free from the whims of the wholesaler. Partly because of this the advertising tended to be based on the idea of reliability and guaranteed quality. (1971 p.3). It was due to such strategies (according to King) that the manufacturers dominated the market from about 1900 to 1960. However since the 1960s the market has turned a full cycle, returning control to the retailers (although maybe not so much to the wholesalers). This is illustrated by Caulkin (1987) who states that over the last two or three decades there has been a massive shift in the balance of power form manufacturing towards the retail end of the economy (p.46). This Caulkin states, is particularly notable in food and fast moving consumers goods. Large supermarkets such as Tescos, Asda and Sainsbury started to implement own-label goods which over time sharply reduced the manufacturers share of the market within only a few exceptions (such as baked beans and pet food) (Caulkin 1987). In an attempt to combat what is discussed above many manufacturers are returning to what was described in an article in the Economist 10/90 as an old standby of marketing; brand-stretching (p.105). This based on the principle of using an existing established brand name to help the launch of new products into the market. However, the potential for this sort of practice is said not to be unlimited. Peter Philips of CPC International commented in the Economist article If you get brand-stretching right , you can travel further for less money. If your get it wrong, you risk weakening the core values of the original product (10/90 p.105). Although it is important to note that stretched brands have a better chance of survival than new brands, OC and C found that, of products launched by the same multinational six years ago, only about 30% of new brands exist today while over 50% of stretched ones do (10/90 p.105). With statistics such as these, one can see that it indeed may be advantageous to a company to exploit its name in the promotion of new products and when expanding into new markets. The Economist article stresses the popularity of brand-stretching in the areas of food and drink. Advantages may also be sought when one considers the point made above that the cost of promoting new products with already established brand names, which is said to be considerably cheaper. The Economist article (10/90) points out that promotional costs for stretched brands are in fact 36% cheaper when compared to completely new products. This is presumable due to the public already having an awareness of the brand name, so the only real cost incurred is raising awareness of the existence of the product itself. The use of a brand name also implies assurance of quality (King 1971). It may further be considered that the use of a brand name on its own may persuade people to try new products, such as the Mars Ice Cream Bar. This may be considered in particular when one looks at the larger supermarket chains such as Sainsburys. Over the last two decades Sainsburys have produced own brands to compete with nearly every product that they stock. Due to the image conveyed by Sainsburys that implies (or in fact, guarantees) quality, it has been possible for them to penetrate nearly all areas of the food market successfully. This success may be attributed to the analysis of what a product is as defined by Nickels (1978). Nickels sees a product as an intangible sense of value that a consumer perceives when he or she weighs the benefits and drawbacks of making an exchange. It may therefore be viewed that the success of Sainsburys is mainly due to the consumer seeing little difference in quality between branded goods and Sainsburys own label goods, with Sainsburys holding th e advantage when price is considered. This point is reiterated by Caulkin (1987), who states that growing public perception that the best own-brands are no longer cheap alternatives to the real thing, but comparable in quality as well as price with the main manufacturers lines. The phenomenon of brand-stretching has not been unique to the manufacturing and retail sectors, but has in fact been used by those in the sector of public service. Nickels cites areas, such public libraries that have sought the advantages of brand-stretching. He refers to increased success of libraries that reconsidered what to offer by viewing the service they provide from the perspective of the public. This has resulted in a marked change of service in some American libraries which now provide services such as the loaning of domestics pets, childrens toys and the provision of music rooms and access to such things as a printing press, (1978 p.195). Nickels continues to state that the product of a library today may be anything that will satisfy the needs of selected market segments Libraries are much more successful today because they have designed their products to fit the needs of people (1978 p.196). It can therefore be seen that brand-stretching can be of great advantage when a n eed or area of market penetration is correctly recognised. However, when a company seeks the advantages of brand stretching, they must take great care to ensure that they get it right. The Economist article (10/90) points out that brands are not endlessly elastic. Stretching can also undermine the credibility of the original product. Consumers may not believe that the new product shares any of the cachet or characteristics of the old, or they may simply forget what was attractive about the original item, (10/90 p.105). However, when one considers this comment, it may well be true to say that not all stretched brands will be successful, but that does not seem to generally render original brands obsolete. If one is to consider the failure of David Hunter, (a stretch by Levis), it does not seem to of had an adverse effect on Levis. The problem seems to have aroused simply due to the manner that the stretched brand was marketed, i.e. those who bought classic tailored clothes would not buy them form Levis and not vice versa. It seems more simply, that it was inappropriate for Levis to have used their name to penetrate this particular market. This story seems to be reiterated by Van Den Burghs and Jargons low calorie salad dressing that failed using the name of flora. This, however does not seem to have harmed flora margarine in its place of market leader. It should be noted though that it is felt by many in the field of marketing that a failed product could cause disastrous effects for established products. Prof. Birger Wernerfelt of the MIT Sloan School of Management stated in the Economist article that Umbrella branding means putting up the reputation of the old product as a bond for the quality of the new one (10/90 p. 105). However in the field of well established brands, stretching by own-brand manufacturers has not been so successful. Items such as baked beans are said to have made little headway and that Heinz still hold half the share of the market. The same is said to also apply to pet foods, with Mars Pedigree Pet Foods not having been toppled form their No 1 spot (1987 p.47). A further point that has been made concerning brand stretching as a disadvantageous pursuit was made by Messrs Al Ries and Jack Trout (Citied in the Economist 10/90 p.106). In their book Bottom Up Marketing they argue that by companies widening their products, (even those who have been successful) they have hurt their brand equity. This they attribute to the nature of communication in Western Society being so large that they feel that, you are lucky if your brand can mean one thing. Almost never can it mean two or three things, (10/90 p.106). Thus confusing consumers of an established image of original brands. From the above discussion it can be seen that brand-stretching can be a good way of penetrating new markets. by good use of an established brand name considerable savings can be made in the field of promotion, as there is already an existence of brand awareness so promotion can more easily be centred around the product itself, with the added bonus that consumers may feel more inclined to give an initial trail of products displaying brand names they already know, ( such as the Mars Ice Cream Bar). This too is now the case with established own-brand labels, such as Sainsburys which offer marginally cheaper prices of products now perceived to be of equal quality to that of established brands. However inappropriate stretches, or those which do not offer good quality products have a danger of undermining the credibility of already established brands. Although from the research this sort of practice on the whole seems to lead to failure of the stretched brand, generally leaving the origina l in tact.

About Prostitution Essays

About Prostitution Essays About Prostitution Essay About Prostitution Essay Prostitution forms an age-worn but interesting chapter in the history of civilization and presents an important problem for modern society. All civilized countries have offered solutions, none of which are satisfactory, and only a few of them have even modified its baneful influence. We commonly speak of prostitution as being the oldest of the professions, but in the light of historical investigation, this is hardly in keeping with the truth. In order to understand the social construction of ‘prostitution’, we begin with common definitions from The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) (1989). In the English language, the word ‘prostitute’ can be used in several ways. Prostitute can be used as a noun: ‘A woman who is devoted, or (usually) who offers, her body to indiscriminate sexual intercourse, esp. for hire: a common harlot’ (OED, 1989a, p. 673) or a verb: ‘To offer (oneself or another) to unlawful, esp. indiscriminate sexual intercourse, usually for hire; to devote or expose to lewdness (Chiefly refl. of a woman)’ (OED, 1989a, p. 673) Dictionary descriptors of ‘prostitution’, the industry or practice, include ‘whoredom’ and ‘harlotry’ (Oxford English Dictionary, 1989a, p. 74). Prostitution is any, or a combination, or all of the following: a) sexual harassment b) rape c) battering d) verbal abuse e) domestic violence f) racial practice g) a violation of human rights h) childhood sexual abuse i) a consequence of male domination of women j) a means of maintaining male domination of women Dictio nary definitions provide only part of the picture. Discourses surrounding prostitution have varied greatly throughout time, demonstrating its dynamic conceptual nature. Despite these developments, particular beliefs have prevailed: for example, nineteenth-century morals have a direct influence upon the worldwide prohibition against prostitution (Perkins, 1991). The definition of a prostitute, as Rey (1851) describes her, as â€Å"a woman who allows the use of her body by any man, without distinction, for a payment, made or expected. † Havelock Ellis says practically the same thing- One who openly abandons her body to a number of men, without choice, for money. Both descriptions emphasize the fact that it is not the abundance of lovers which makes a woman a harlot, but the nature of her relationship with them- The sale of the sweet name of love. In the suppression of individual inclinations she differs from a mistress, a concubine or a polygamous wife. The Roman jurists held that the fee had nothing to do with prostitution. It was the mingling of the sexes, the lack of an individual bond between man and woman and the universal and unrestraine d gratification of sex passion that were its essential features. The fee is always contra bonus mores and not legally collectable. The mercenary side, so prominent today, is a secondary factor, resulting from the development of civilization. Remuneration is only an inevitable corollary of the consideration that a wife is the property of a man and therefore of definite value. The Profession of prostitution, says Parent Duchatelet (1836), is an evil of all times and all countries, and appears to be innate in the social structure of mankind. It will perhaps never be entirely eradicated, still all the more must we strive to limit its extent and its dangers. With prostitution itself, as with vice, crime and disease, the teacher of morals endeavors to prevent the vices, the lawgiver to prevent the crime and the physician to cure the disease. All alike know that they will never fully attain their goal but they pursue their work none the less, in the conviction that who does only a little good, yet does a great service to the weak man. The earliest discourse, based on theology and philosophy, emphasized the immorality and corruption of female souls. Nineteenth-century religious writers considered prostitution to be a ‘social evil that threatened the family as well as the social order’ (Ryan, 1997, p. 20). Prostitution later entered the closely linked medical–legal domains; criminalization of prostitution was facilitated by conceptualizing prostitution as a public health issue, stressing its role in spreadi ng infectious diseases (Ryan, 1997). During the 1970s, the prostitutes’ rights movement arose, which argued that prostitution represented a form of labor, comparable to other ‘helping’ professions, such as doctors, social workers or lawyers (Perkins and Bennett, 1985; Perkins, 1991). Moreover, it was also conceptualized as a contract between equals, having the effect of describing it as a commercial transaction: ‘In this view, individuals own their labor power and stand in relation to their property in their body and capacities in the same relation as their property as property owners’ (Jeffreys, 1997, p. 73) This view dominates the current reality of the adult prostitution sex industry. This has been evident by its largely visible status through maintaining ‘an important presence in political and sexual culture over the last decade’ (Sullivan, 1997, p. 201). It is alarming that the age of entry into prostitution is clearly geared toward younger and younger groups. Kathleen Mahoney, a professor of law in Calgary University, Canada argued in 1995, â€Å"How do we even conceptualize ‘juvenile’ prostitution, when the age of consent for legal sexual activity is constantly lowered, as in the Netherlands and the Philippines? The prehistoric period can, of course, supply us with little accurate knowledge. The earliest human records, about 4000 B. C. , make reference to it, but for anything of value, we must turn to comparative ethnology, where the customs of primitive people throw considerable light on the early stages. There seems no evidence that the elemental sex instinct, the ever-raging animal in man†, as Plato called it, has been altered in the slightest degree by all the centuries of culture and education. The advancing development of mankind in early times, brought sex attraction into close conjunction with the religious impulse, and upon this basis sprang up. A free sexual life, along with the social life, has continued to our own day. The origin of prostitution is closely connected with the rise of brothels and the development of the system of free love. No longer do all the girls, but only a certain few, offer themselves to the frequenters of houses for men. These few generally live in selected domiciles and are paid for their sex services. The common woman also offers herself to strangers and travelers, and this may be the origin of the hospitable prostitute. In Africa, through the influence of slavery, practically all prostitutes were slaves. A young woman was bought, sheltered in a special hut and required to offer herself to anyone in return for a small present, the owner of the slave receiving the earnings. In Dahomey, the King was the proprietor of all these women- a case of government control. In ancient Egypt, Arabia and Israel the courtesan was recruited from divorced and cast-off wives who wandered about from place to place. A study of racial development shows that prostitution exists among all aboriginal peoples where sexual intercourse is restricted or restrained, and that it is nothing more than a new form for the primitive mingling of the races. In its entire history it is a derivative from the free sexual life of primeval man. As Schurtz says, In all places where free love is separated from passions and their satisfaction prostitution is found. † In a civilized society, we should organize that the burden of inequalities, which underlie prostitution, should not be carried by children.

6 Things To Consider If You Want to Work from Home Full-Time

6 Things To Consider If You Want to Work from Home Full-Time Working from home seems like nothing but a blessing: all of the sweatpants and none of the commute. But there are a few not-so-great aspects to bear in mind as well. Here’s a list of a few things to consider while you’re setting up a home office for yourself. 1. You’ll be alone. A lot.You will get lonely at some point- that’s inevitable. It might take a while to get used to the silence and the peace. If you can’t get used to it, you could consider a coworking space or a coffee shop as part of your routine. You also might find that you miss the face-to-face of meetings and staying connected. It will be more important than ever to stay connected- even if only through Skype and Google Hangouts and other messaging venues.2. You’re in charge.No boss is going to tell you what to work on or when you can and cannot take a break, which is great! But no boss is going to keep you on your toes either. That responsibility will now fall to you. Instead of losing hours and hours on Twitter, you’ll have to keep yourself on task- otherwise your work will suffer and you won’t be self-employed for long. So cultivate some serious self-discipline, including rewarding yourself with breaks and respecting your need for time off.3. You’re the main negotiator.There’s no HR department making things easy and equitable. You set your rate and negotiate your contracts and make your own boundaries. No one is going to do it for you. Try raising your rate for new clients and cutting your existing clients a break until you build your business. At the same time, don’t forget to give yourself the proper raises and reviews.4. You need to be cutting edge.You’re not going to learn things in meetings or at the water cooler anymore. It will be on you to keep track of the latest advances and innovations in your field. You don’t want to fall behind the curve, or you won’t be competitive for bids.5. Money wil l be less stable.You can make a great living freelancing, but you should keep in mind that that living might sometimes be erratic. You will have flood months and famine months. This means you have to have a good savings in the bank for emergencies and lean times. Make sure you have enough to float yourself through any lulls or catastrophes.6. It’s always casual Friday.Okay, but it really is true that you can wear sweatpants any time you want- unless you have a client meeting or, you know, have to venture out into the world. Be careful what you wish for though. If you start to feel sluggish and unproductive because of your new, ahem, uniform, then try taking a shower in the morning and dressing in something smart whenever you need an extra boost.