Business - Bus Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business - Bus Assignment - Essay Example The company is also planning to reduce its carbon emission by 20 percent. The leadership brands of the company include Pampers, Ariel, Tide, Lenor, Head & Shoulders, Wella, Oral-B, Ace, Ambi Pur, etc. The headquarters of P&G is in Cincinnati, Ohio. There are about 127,000 employees working in P&G, in around 80 countries. The products of P&G are sold in about 180 countries around the world. P&G is a public company and its stocks are listed and traded on New York and Paris Stock Exchange. Organizational Structure There are two units known as Global Business Units (GBU) in the organizational structure of Procter & Gamble. They are the global operation, global business services and the corporate functions. The global business units were effective from 2011. The two GBUs are in two segments of the company, they are: a) beauty product segment, b) health care segment. The primary task of the global business units is to form innovative strategies for launching the brands. The company identif ies the needs of the consumers and develops new products through innovation and upgrading their brand features and quality. This is done through effective marketing plans and floating innovative commercials. The global operational department includes the market or business development department, which has the responsibility of developing market plans at regional level. The business development department identifies the target retail customers, customer trade channels. These are divided into geographical units such as, a) North America, b) Western Europe, c) Latin America, d) Central & Eastern Europe/ Middle-East/ Africa, and e) Asia. The Asian countries include Japan, China, Australia, India, Korea, etc. The global business services includes technology, process and other data tools which help the global business services to introduce better tools for understanding the nuances of the business. This also assists the business development department to offer world-class solutions at lo w cost to the people around the world. The corporate functions are the company level strategies and which help in portfolio analysis, accounting practices, treasury, governance, human resources and other legal and functional support system. This shows that P&G has a flat organizational structure (Procter & Gamble 2012). Key Executives The present President and CEO of Procter & Gamble is Robert McDonald, the chairman is A.G. Lafley, the vice chairman for global operations is Werner Geissler, the CFO is Joe Moeller, the President of Global Business Services and Chief Information Officer is Marc S. Pritchard, the Global Human Resources Officer is Filippo Passerini, the Chief Technology Officer is Robert L. Fregolle, Jr and the Global Brand Building Officer is Valarie L. Sheppard. Financial Strategy The financial highlights of the company show that the company has generated sales revenue of $82,559 million in the year 2011. The operating income was $15,818. If we analyze the financial c ondition of different product segments, then in beauty segment the leading products were Head & Shoulders, Olay, Pantene, Wella, etc. The revenue generated from sales was about 24 percent, in the grooming segment the popular brands are Braun, Fusion, Gillette Mach 3, etc. The sales generated from the department were about 9 percent.

CBRN Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear weapons Essay

CBRN Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear weapons - Essay Example In the modern context, political instability is a serious problem because one cannot expect an unstable state to be responsible towards humanity. Comparing with nuclear weapons, radiological weapons are with less capacity to create severe damage. To be specific, this sort of weapons is generally used to create chaos among the mass. Within this scenario, world nations suspect that notorious terrorist organizations may make use of this weapon to intimidate humanity. For instance, the Padilla case (2002) proves that terrorist groups have worldwide network and are strong enough to use radiological weapons. To be specific, the government suspected that Padilla may involve in jihad because he is trained to handle radiological weapons. Besides, this person is closely related to the leadership within Al-Qaeda. So, the Padilla case proves that terrorist groups may make use of civilians to handle radioactive weapons. In my opinion, Al-Qaeda possesses economic capability to plot and conduct a severe attack using radiological weapon. Shane (2010) states that, â€Å"Al Qaeda is on the march again, targeting the country from within and without, and your hapless government cannot protect you† (p. A1). To be specific, the revenue from oil trade in the Middle East supports Al-Qaeda. So, one can see that economic capability is not a serious problem for the terrorist organizations. On the other side, the former satellite nations related to Russia (USSR) may have weapons (say, nuclear) and the terrorist organizations can easily influence these nations. Besides, the terrorist organizations make use of religious ideology to attract individuals who live in U.S. and other western nations. Mendelsohn (2009) states that, â€Å"Al Qaeda has never disguised its desire to acquire weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear capabilities† (p.77). So, I rate the threat of radiological weapons as high risk because

Effects of Earthquakes on Humans and Environment

Effects of Earthquakes on Humans and Environment Earthquakes can have disastrous effects on humans and on the environment. An earthquake is the result of trembling, rolling and vibration of the ground triggered by the sudden release of energy that is stored below the surface of the Earth (Ford 2004). A scientific instrument called a seismometer is used by scientists to record, and measure strengthens of earthquakes (McNally 2007). The intensity or the size of an earthquake is measured by a number called the magnitude. Actually, earthquakes occur in everyday and everywhere and as a result, the estimate by scientists for each day is that more than thousands minor earthquakes happen without triggering any physical damage and mostly they are imperceptible. Earthquakes frequently occur in the following countries: China, Indonesia, Pakistan, Iran, United States, Japan, and the Philippines. In these regions there are a lot of earthquakes and also they have numerous volcanoes. There are three main causes of earthquakes: tectonic plate move ment, human activities, and volcanic eruptions. 2. Background Earthquakes destroy property and cause death. On July 28, 1976, there was a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in the city of Tangshan (Rosenberg 1997). The strength of the earthquake was recorded by a scientific instrument called a seismometer, also known as a seismograph. It is an instrument that can detect and measure the ground motion from an earthquake (McNally 2007). At 0342 local time, the earthquake hit Tangshan and over a million of people were sleeping. As a result, hundreds of thousands of people were killed and many people were reported missing and presumed dead. There were a lot of people were badly injured. Tangshan is located in Northeastern China Å’an area devastated by earthquakes. The earthquake was so strong that it triggered infrastructure collapse including houses, schools, shops, heath clinics, roads, railway station, factories, and bridges. The people in Beijing also felt the tremors. A lot of people lost their lives because most their houses were completely destroyed . The city of Tangshan is being rebuilt nowadays by its citizens. 3. Causes 3.1 Cause 1: Tectonic Plate Movement The main cause of earthquakes is tectonic plate movement. The crust of the earth consists of many pieces called tectonic plates. There are plates along the outer layer of the earth which are floating on the molten magma under the crust of the earth. (Ganguly 2008) The convection current in the molten magma drive the plates to move inside the earth. They move continuously until they pass through each other. When the two plates meet together, they start to push and rub each other but they are not moving. After a while, the pressure beneath builds up and keeps on rising. Once they cannot contain the pressure, it will be expelled. This sudden release of energy and the strength of the plates cause the ground shake and the two plates start to break. (Why do earthquake happen? n.d.) For example, on December 26, 2004, an earthquake hit the Sumatra, Indonesia where the Indian and Burmese plates in India Ocean are broken and one plate is moved across the top of the other plate. (Magnitude 9.1- Off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra 2008) The region that breaks on the crust is known as a fault which usually can be seen on the surface of the earth. The point where earthquakes begin and break the plates underground is known as focus and above the focus, on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. During plate movement, one plate gets submerged into the molten magma and another plate is moved across the top of it. This plate rises up due to the heat of molten magma. The plates keep on moving until they get stuck against each other. Most earthquakes take place on the edges of the plates where one plate is forced further into the earth crust while another plate is moved across the top of the submerged plate. 3.2 Cause 2: Human Activities Another contributing factor to earthquakes is human activities. There are many human activities that cause an earthquake. Building skyscrapers is a good example that may cause an earthquake. Many engineers and scientists are concerned about the types of buildings in construction. Skyscraper Taipei 101 with the height of 508 meters which is the worlds tallest building. According to the geologist Cheng Horng Ling (2005), from the National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 101 may cause an earthquake because the 101-storey skyscraper is built the stress on an earthquake fault. An ancient earthquake fault may reopen as the stress from the buildings exerting on the ground increases. Besides that, the injection of fluids in the mountain or into the crust of the earth also triggers earthquakes. A long time ago, the main purpose of humans injecting fluid was that the injection was the best way to dispose of toxic waste. For example, in the Rocky Mountains where there is a place for waste disp osal. (Madrigal, A 2008) The injection of fluids into deep wells causes changing of the stress of the underground and the stress can generate an earthquake. Furthermore, the release of pressure when extracting oil and natural gas can also cause earthquake. 3.3 Cause 3: Volcanic Eruptions In addition, volcanic eruptions can also cause earthquakes. Normally, earthquakes are very active in areas of volcanic activity where they can either occur on their own or with the eruption. (Presnell 2002) Most of the time, the earthquakes triggered by the eruption of volcanoes are within ten to twenty miles around the volcanoes. In order to release the huge pressure that builds up by the molten magma underneath the earth crust, it always tries to look for an opening or an area that is fairly weak. (Ganguly 2008) Therefore, areas that have active volcanoes accompanied by volcanic activities are always prone to the earthquakes because the pressure builds up by the magma has surpassed the limit that earth crust can sustain. If a volcano eruption produces acidic lava then it can be predicted that there will an earthquake with the strongest magnitude. It is because acidic lava will solidify once it contacts the air and block the volcanos vents so that pressure cannot escape. As a result , pressure is developed inside and the resultant explosion can be destructive and destroying, producing an earthquake of significant magnitude. 4. Transition Statement Having looked at the causes of earthquakes, its main effects will be discussed in the following. The effects can be in terms of social, environmental and economic. An earthquake can bring great impacts to the society. It is an unbearable scene as people die in the aftermath of earthquakes and leaving their love one to suffer from their death. Some of natural disasters like tsunamis and landslides can be triggered by earthquakes. Earthquakes can also have disastrous effect to the countrys economy. 5. Effects 5.1 Effect 1: Social Impacts One of the biggest effects of earthquakes is the social impact on survivors. Earthquakes have short term impacts as well as long term impacts. The short term impacts can be seen in the aftermath of earthquakes. We can see thousands of people dying and many corpses. The 2008 earthquake in Sichuan, China, for instance, caused tens of thousands of deaths and hundreds thousands of people were injured. (Magnitude 7.9-Eastern Sichuan, China 2008.) A powerful earthquake can destroy buildings, factories, shops, roads, bridges and schools. These cause many people to become homeless. Furthermore, earthquakes can cause disruption to public services like transport systems and communication connections. (Earthquake n.d.) Worst of all, survivors face a lack of drinking water because water pipes burst and water supplies are contaminated. In the cases of long term social impacts, thousands of children became orphans as their parents are killed in the earthquake. Most of the parents are depressed and the town lost a generation because their children were killed in schools that collapsed. 5.2 Effect 2: Environmental Impacts There are also environmental impacts. A tsunami, for instance, is produced by an earthquake. Tsunamis are tidal waves that are caused by the sudden movement of plates under the sea floor during an underwater earthquake. (What are effects of earthquakes? n.d.) This wave can move swiftly a long way across the ocean. (Effects of earthquakes n.d.) When a large scale of tsunami hits the seashore area, it can trigger enormous erosion as well as destroy buildings in its path. Worst of all, people will also be washed away by the tsunami. For example, on December 26, 2004, a tsunami hit some nations around the Indian Ocean and caused hundreds of thousands of deaths. Earthquakes can cause landslides. It is very dangerous especially for buildings in unstable area on hillsides or mountains where soft soils can be liquefied by the tremors of earthquakes. During an earthquake, buildings can fall down hills with soil and bury people under the soil. People will be buried alive. In addition, aftersho cks are also effects of earthquakes. Aftershocks are small tremors which disperse it to other places and other people can feel it after the main shocks of an earthquake. For instance, in Penang, Malaysia, there are no earthquakes, but when an earthquake happened in Sumatra it was so great that even Malaysians living in Penang experienced aftershocks. (See 2006) 5.3 Effect 3: Economics Impacts Apart from social and environmental impacts, earthquakes also have negative effects on a nations economy. Governments have to be responsible for the damage caused by earthquakes. As we can see, earthquakes cause infrastructures to collapse, reservoirs dams, shops, and hospitals are devastated after an earthquake. (Earthquake n.d.) Governments have to spend sizeable amounts of money to rebuild the place. Earthquakes also cause spending of the capital to distribute food and medicine to victims. Markets in particular may be disrupted and this causes uneasy trade. Furthermore, investors whose money is in that particular area for development may decide to withdraw. Once the investors withdraw the investment in the particular country, it will a cause loss of job opportunities as well as the countrys income diminishing and an unstable of economy. 6. Conclusion In conclusion, earthquakes are hard to predict and can happen any time. Tectonics plate movement, human activities and volcanic eruptions are 3 of the causes of earthquakes, whose effects can be felt socially, environmentally, and economically. As we can see, prevention of earthquakes is absolutely impossible, so, suitable action to reduce injury and death is of uttermost importance. Some safety action should take place, such as evacuation and safety build structures to resist earthquakes. Some countries, such as the United States and Japan carried out research about public buildings designed to resist earthquakes. (Moleworth 2008) The results are that the whole building will move to and fro without trembling. It is very important to have this facility in earthquakes zones as damage and lives are at risk. (1775 words) References Bignerds. 2008. Earthquake. http://www.bignerds.com/essays/Earthquake/1237.html (accessed October 6, 2008) Earthquake. n.d. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/platetectonics/earthquakesrev3.shtml (accessed October 13, 2008) Effects of earthquakes. n.d. http://www.olympus.net/personal/gofamily/quake/effects.html (accessed October 21, 2008) Ford, R. 2004. Glossary. http://resweb.llu.edu/rford/docs/VGD/GSLVT/gslglossary.html (accessed October 21, 2008) Ganguly, P. 2008. What causes earthquakes? http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-causes-earthquake.html (accessed October 17, 2008) Madrigal, A. 2008. Top 5 ways to cause a man-made earthquake. http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/06/top-5-ways-that.html (accessed October 29, 2008) Magnitude 7.9-Eastern Sichuan, China. 2008. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2008ryan.php (accessed October 13, 2008) Magnitude 9.1-Off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra. 2008 http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2004/usslav/ (accessed October 13, 2008) McNally, K. 2007. Earthquake. http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/earthquake_worldbook.html (accessed October 13, 2008) Molesworth, C. 2008. Pacific builder and engineer. http://www.acppubs.com/blog/1210000521/post/260034826.html (accessed October 27, 2008) Presnell, W. 2002. What causes earthquakes? http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/causesearthquak_tsjl.htm (accessed October 21, 2008) Ravillious, K. 2008. Skyscraper that may cause earthquakes http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2005/dec/02/naturaldisasters.climatechange (accessed October 6, 2008) Rosenberg, J. n.d. Tangshan: The deadliest earthquake. http://history1900s.about.com/od/horribledisasters/a/tangshan.htm (accessed October 21, 2008) See, B and S. C. Looi. 2008. Tremors felt in Penang. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/2/20/nation/20080220191502sec=nation (accessed October 13, 2008) The Free Dictionary. n.d. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/aftershock (accessed October 30, 2008) What are the effects of earthquake? n.d. http://www.usgs.gov/faq/list_faq_by_category/get_answer.asp?id=197 (accessed October 30, 2008) Why do earthquake happen? n.d. http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/why.html (accessed October 17, 2008)

The Anatomy and Actions of the Knee Essay -- essays research papers

The knee joint is formed by the articulation of the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia. The fibula is only involved to the extent that it serves as an attachment site for connective tissue. In this paper, the anatomy of the joint will be discussed. The knee is a hinge-type, diarthrotic, or freely moveable joint. Also referred to as a synovial joint, the 2 articulating ends of bone are encased in a capsule that lubricates the joint with synovial fluid to reduce friction. Each bone in a synovial joint has articular cartilage at the articulating surface. The C-shaped medial and lateral menisci serve to deepen the articulation at the superior surface of the tibia, thus enhancing the bony stability of the joint. Also adding to the joints stability are the two major pairs of ligaments: the cruciates and the collaterals. The medial and lateral collateral ligaments have a stabilizing effect in a lateral plane of motion, helping to prevent sideward displacement and over-rotation. The medial collateral attaches the femur to the tibia, also attaching to the medial meniscus. The lateral collateral attaches the femur to the fibula but has no attachment to the lateral meniscus. Both collaterals lie slightly posterior to the lateral axis of the knee joint and are taut when the knee is full extension. This positioning of the ligaments causes a slackness when flexion occurs, allowing medial and lateral rotation to take place. The cruciate ligaments are so named because of their cross-configuration within the joint. The anterior cruciate ligament attaches to the tibia on its anterior-superior surface, crossing through the joint from the medial side to its lateral attachment on the femur. The posterior cruciate ligament attaches on the posterior-superior aspect of the tibia, crossing diagonally and medially to its lateral attachment on the femur. The anterior and posterior cruciates protect against hyperextension and hyperflexion, respectively. The actions performed at the knee include flexion, extension, and medial and lateral rotation. Flexion is the bending of a joint so that the angle between the two bones decreases. The primary muscles that flex the knee are a group collectively known as â€Å"hamstrings.† The hamstrings consist of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus. The muscles that assist in flexion are the sartorius, gracilis,... ...g  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Linea aspera on posterior femur, greater trochanter of femur Insert  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patella and via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extension of knee Nerve  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Femoral VASTUS INTERMEDIUS Orig  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anterior and lateral femoral shaft Insert  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patella and via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extension of the knee Nerve  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Femoral VASTUS MEDIALIS Orig  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Linea aspera on posterior femur Insert  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patella and via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extension of knee Nerve  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Femoral TENSOR FASCIA LATA Orig  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iliac crest (posterior to ASIS) Insert  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iliotibial tract (which continues to attach to the lateral condyle of the tibia)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assists extension of knee Nerve  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Superior gluteal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

How Useful and Reliable Are These Sources in Explaining How Womens Lives Were Affected by World War 1?

How useful and reliable are these sources in explaining how womens lives were affected by World War 1? This essay is going to be about World Ward 1, which started in 1914 and ended in 1918, and how it affected the livs of women. The war made an impact on lives of many women, some in a positive way and some in a negative. Before WW1 women had very little policital power and were considered inferior to men. Men didn't see the need for women to have a voice, and that their opinion was not needed. However, when the war began men were sent to war, leaving job spaces to be filled.This was when the women were called upon to fill these spaces. This was an oppurtunity for women to prove their rights for politicial power. Source A1 supports this because it states ‘by the end of the war in November 1918, women proved that they were just as important to th war effort as men'. This shows that women were successful in doing so and had been given more political power. This source was taken fr om a website focused at GCSE students which means alot of research must have been put into the text, making it reliable. Before the war women were only allowed to do certain jobs.Housemaiding and seamstressing were most common, sometimes farming was also allowed. People say men and women lived in two different worlds. But the war was a turning point for many women. Most stopped work in the domestic service and began work in the industry. Women practically took on the livs of men. Some worked in munition factories, some did farming and some also began army work. Many women's lives turned around dramatically, they became rch and lived a high lifestyle. Source A7 is a poem called ‘Munition Wages' which was written in 1917. It says ‘Earning high wages? yus, five quid a week.A woman, too, mind you, I calls it dim sweet' which shows that women were getting more money than they were before and were becoming happier. ‘With money to spend, years back I wore tatters, now sil k stockings, my friend! ‘ this shows that womens lives were affected hugely from before the war to during the war. This source could be reliable as it is a primary source, however the reliability of this source is questionable as it is only one person's opinion, and it does not give much information about the author. With most women gaining more money each week, they began to become more independant.They no longer had to rely on their husbands to keep them going. Many women would say the war was a good thing. Some would even say it was worthwhile, because they experienced a high lifestyle and got some of the political power they deserved. However there were many women who didn't have such a positive experience. Some were forced to work long hours with short pay. Long shifts like this were a daily routine for most women. They weren't allowed a break and would sometimes become so ill from working non-stop they would drop to the floor in pain, even then they had to pull through a nd continue work.Source A8 supports this as it because it states ‘They were frequently expected to work on till 8pm and were paid only bare time rates for this overtime'. This shows that women were paid normal rates which were extremely low, for sometimes nearly double the hours they should have been doing. With all this work, women must have been exhausted. This source may be reliable as it was taken out of a history book, however the reliability of this source could be questionable as it was written by a campaigner for women's rights, which means it could be biased.And it was alrso written in 1932, which was after the war, so the stories could have been exaggerated or altered over time. During the war, posters and leaflets were given out showing the women ‘doing their part' for the war. However many jobs that were advertised for women were rarely given out. Source A9 supports this as it says ‘female dentists, barbers, and architects- all of which were featured on war saving postcards were extremely rare. Most male dominated proffessions remained closed to women'. This shows that the propaganda that was being used was false advertisement, and was being used to encourage women into work.The press would exaggerate things greatly to make them look better than they actually were. This source may be reliable as it was used for a series for bbc, which is a well respected channel which alot of research is put into. However, it may not be reliable as we don't have any information about what the series was about. At the end of the war women were expected to give up their jobs in place for the men who had come back from the army. ‘Within months of the end of the war, hundreds of thousands of women were out of work' Source A10 shows that women were left jobless. Many were forced back into domestic work again.Some women stayed on the dole but were soon forced back into work when the government reduced unemployment benefit rates. This source may be reliable as it was written in a history book for GCSE students, so research would have been put into it. However it may not be reliable as it may have been exaggerated greatly, as the writer was not in the war. After examining all the sources thoroughly, it is fair to say womens lives did change dramatically. Lifestyle changes, changes in confidence and independance, political power and the view of women altogether were the biggest changes.

Getting The Extra Bit Out Of Your Employees Essay

An employee is required to contribute 40 to 48 hours of productive work in terms of service or visible output. The very purpose of employment is for the employer to generate enough revenue so that he can not only pay your wages, but also make some profit for himself and retain a portion of the profits for contingencies. It is widely accepted that in most cases though the employer is required by law to pay the employee for all the 365 days of the year, the employee output is restricted to some 250 days or in that region. Thus, even when the employee is not working, the employer has to support him/her. The manufacturing sector can lay down norms to measure the output of each employee and relate it to the quantum of work produced. But, in the services sector it is difficult to quantify the output of each individual. The flow of work can also not be uniform in the case of the services sector. Evaluation: In this context, let us examine the working of a Supermarket. The flow of customers into the supermarket will vary during the day as also during the month. In most cases, the evenings will see more customers coming in, while the mornings will see fewer of them. The noon period of the day can be thinner still. Thus, we have a situation where the productive output of the employee is not available to the employer all through the 7 or 8 hours that he/she spends in the Supermarket. So, the effective throughput (actual time spent in producing goods/services) diminishes to anywhere between 5 and 6 or 4 and 6 hours. The employer has to earn adequate revenue to compensate the employees and even take care of eventualities. Therefore, in most parts of the world, employers, particularly in the services sector, manage to get that extra bit of work done by each employee. Institutions, enterprises or organizations strive continuously to optimize their return on investment and use employee motivation as a major tool to achieve this. After all, it is the collective performance of employees that would manifest itself into a successful enterprise. It is not essential at all times to monetize motivation. There are several other means of motivating the employees to get optimal results. For example, in the case under discussion, we need to get an extra 30 minutes of work from each employee. The employer is unwilling to pay for that extra time or simply cannot afford to. So many terminologies and reasons will be attributed to safeguard that extra bit of money. But, heads of departments still have to achieve the desired results and with no extra money available in their hands. Conclusion: Though money is very important to employees, other factors go into employment. In the instant case, the manager can explain to the employees that by spending an extra 30 minutes after the scheduled time and reorganizing the merchandise for the next day, they will be able to start right away when they commence work on the following day. Customers walking in during the first hour will be able to transact their business quickly and this in turn will bring in more of such early customers. Another method is to address all the employees together and evolve a pattern whereby some employees can report early for work and leave at the scheduled time, some employees can shrink their breaks to accommodate the extra time required, and some can even leave late. After all, every one of us spend a lions share of the daylight hours in our respective breadwinning activity. With the correct methodology employed, getting employees to contribute 30 minutes of extra work per day can be achieved without denting the employer’s purse.