Effects Of The Black Death On The Economy - 930 Words

The Black Death or more commonly known as Bubonic Plague, decimated European society in the mid 14 century to the extent that it has not been seen since in human history. It not only killed fifty to sixty percent of the population, but it also brought huge changes to the people of Europe. The impact of the plague caused effects on the economy, society, family structure, public policy, health science, religion, philosophy and literature. Its’ effects would last until the eighteenth century and beyond. The population would not be replenished to levels before the plague until well into twentieth century. The effects of the Black Death, or Bubonic Plague, had severe effects on the economy and society of Europe. Ironically, the laws and responses made by different European states had a much more negative effect on the economy of Europe than it would be hoped. It is important to note that different groups of people fared better than others. For example, there are a few groups in the Northeast of Europe that were not even affected by the plague where people on the coast of the Mediterranean had the highest mortality rates. However, it is quite possible that these groups were affected but there are no surviving records of any deaths, leading historians to believe that the places like Prague in the Czech Republic were untouched. One of the reasons that the Black Plague was so devastating was because the people of Europe had been experiencing a severe times ever since the centuryShow MoreRelatedEssay on Economic Effects of the Black Plague in England1748 Words   |  7 Pagesfamine, disease and economic decay, leading to what many historians believe to be the end of the Middle Ages. Although there were many contributing factors such as famine, collapsing institutions and war. Many historians believe the arrival of the Black Death to England in 1348 was the final straw, and the most impactful agent of change in that area. In a letter to his brother, Petrarch wrote, â€Å"When has any such thing been even heard or seen; in what annals has it ever been read that houses were leftRead MoreThe Black Death s Effects On Europe1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death’s Effects on Europe Cole Younger WH2 11-20-15 Rough Draft The disastrous plague called the Black Death had monumental, long lasting effects that would ultimately change the fate of the entire continent of Europe. The mid-1300s in Europe were part of the Dark Ages. Human populations were near over-crowding, and the land was stretched to produce food. Mother Nature created a drastic solution. The world lifted a bleak shadow of death and chaos over the people ofRead MoreThe Black Death s Effects On Europe1454 Words   |  6 Pages The disastrous plague called the Black Death had monumental, long lasting effects that would ultimately change the fate of the entire continent of Europe. The mid-1300s in Europe were part of the Dark Ages. Human populations were near over-crowding, and the land was stretched to produce food. Mother Nature created a drastic solution. The world lifted a bleak shadow of death and chaos over the people of Europe in the form of plague. It originated from fleas, but rats carried the fleas with this plagueRead MoreEffect s of the Black Death of the 1300s Essay examples682 Words   |  3 PagesThe Black Plague (also known as the Black Death or Bubonic Plague) of the 1300s is considered by many historians to be one of the most influential events in the history of Europe. Originating in Asia, the Black Plague has three forms; Bubonic which affects the lymph nodes, pneumonic which affects the lungs, and septicemia which affects the blood. Through examining the effects of the Plague on Europe and its people, it is clear that politics, social life, and economics were all irreparably thrownRead MoreThe Black Death And Its Impact On Society1291 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history many natural events have had a profound effect on mankind, but few of these events have shaped history and culture as profoundly as the Black Death. The Black Death was the name given to the deadly disease that hugely disrupted Europe between 1347 and 1351. The disaster influenced and altered all aspects of European life. Thi s major catastrophe had many later effects, however due to 50 million deaths, people s economic status shifted and these changes left a lasting impact uponRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death, one of the greatest natural disaster to hit Europe thus causing the death of many people in the most horrific manner and cause the end of feudalism. This was a disaster that affected one third of the European continent and also one that no one was prepared to face. It killed more people than during a war and it impacted simple lives of people, their culture, religion and the economy as a whole. The origin of The Black Death has several explanations. Some people said The Black DeathRead MoreHow The Black Death Influenced Life1399 Words   |  6 PagesExplain how the Black Death influenced life in Europe The Black Death had a significant negative effect on both the economy of Europe and the Catholic Church during and after it s prime, proving to ruin the lives of many both directly and indirectly subject to the plague. However, it can be argued that the Black Death prompted a restructure in feudalism, increasing equality in society. The Bubonic Plague became prominent in 1347 AD, tearing through the lives of many throughout Europe. A major financialRead MoreThe Plague Of Europe And Asia1165 Words   |  5 Pagesthese problems are somewhat unrelated, they all stem from the same source, the Bubonic Plague. The bubonic plague started in Asia, and spread its way into parts of Northern Africa and Europe devastating everything in its path. Not only did the Black Death effect the people of Europe and Asia, it effected their economic, social, and religious lives as well . During the early 1300’s in Asia, a group of Mongols were traveling through southwestern China . Their goal was to invade the entirety of China withRead MoreThe Black Plague Of Middle Ages1257 Words   |  6 Pagesvile disease that enveloped Europe. The Black Plague thrived in the conditions that Europe and its climate harbored along with the filthy living conditions of European cities. The declination of population was immense and altered the way the economy, arts, and religion of Middle Aged society was structured. Carrying along with these byproducts of such a devastating epidemic are the emergence of influential artists and philosophers of the time. The Black Plague originated in China (Europe’s PlaguesRead MoreThe Black Death : A Silent, Catastrophic Killer1326 Words   |  6 Pages The Black Death: A Silent, Catastrophic Killer In 1347, merchants arrived in Sicily from a trading trip in China. They carried Chinese goods on board with them, but they harbored an unknown killer, as well. Hiding on the rats living on board the cargo vessel was the bacteria Yersinia Pestis, or what would later become known as the Black Death.The Black Death was a disease that destroyed much of Europe’s population throughout the 14th century. This rodent-borne disease was a huge obstacle in human

Airline Safety †Essay Free Essays

Name: Katelyn Meyers Assignment #4 – Airline Safety Since 9/11, airline security has been a major focus of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the US Government. Based on what you’ve read and learned in Chapter 5, discuss the following topics: * Part 1 – â€Å"Is it safe to fly? (You must show statistics and data to support your answer. Consider comparing it to other forms of transportation) * Part 2 – What security measures have been implemented since 9/11 and in your opinion, are the â€Å"extreme† security checks at our airports necessary? Discuss the safety precautions taken and find research and statistics to prove your point. We will write a custom essay sample on Airline Safety – Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Part 1 – Is it safe to fly? Yes, it is safe to fly. A US National Safety Council study showed flying to be 22 times safer than travelling by car. More than 3 million people fly every day. Chart below shows the number of fatalities in other transportation methods to travel. US Transportation Fatalities 2000 – Source: NTSB Part 2 – What security measures have been implemented since 9/11 and in your opinion, are the â€Å"extreme† security checks at our airports necessary? In my option security has increased for the better good since 9/11. For example, airlines instructed passengers to arrive at airports as much as two hours before takeoff for domestic fights. After passing through security checkpoints, passengers were randomly selected for additional screening, including hand-searching of their carry-on bags, in the boarding area. The TSA has arrayed ’20 Layers of Security’ to ‘strengthen security through a layered approach’—see Figure 1. This is designed to provide defense-in-depth protection of the traveling public and of the United States transportation system. Of these 20 layers, 14 are ‘pre-boarding security’ (i. e. , deterrence and apprehension of terrorists prior to boarding aircraft): 1. Intelligence 2. Customs and border protection 3. Joint terrorism task force 4. No-fly list and passenger pre-screening 5. Crew vetting 6. Visible Intermodal Protection Response (VIPR) Teams 7. Canines 8. Behavioral detection officers 9. Travel document checker 10. Checkpoint/transportation security officers 11. Checked baggage 12. Transportation security inspectors 13. Random employee screening 14. Bomb appraisal officers The remaining six layers of security provide ‘in-flight security’: 15. Federal Air Marshal Service 16. Federal Flight Deck Officers 17. Trained flight crew 18. Law enforcement officers 19. Hardened cockpit door 20. Passengers Athol Yates, Executive Director of the Australian Homeland Security Research Centre says that air marshals are of ‘questionable’ security value, and that â€Å"hardening the cockpit doors and changing the protocols for hijacking has made it harder for terrorists to get weapons on board an aircraft and take control of it† (Maley 2008). How to cite Airline Safety – Essay, Essays

Dickinsons Humor Essay Example For Students

Dickinsons Humor Essay While much of Emily Dickinsons poetry has been described as sad or morose, thepoetess did use humor and irony in many of her poems. This essay will addressthe humor and/ or irony found in five of Dickinsons poems: Faith isa Fine Invention, Im Nobody! Who are you?, Some keep the Sabbath Going toChurch and Success Is Counted Sweetest. The attempt will be made to show howDickinson used humor and / or irony for the dual purposes of comic relief and tostress an idea or conclusion about her life and environment expressed by thepoetess in the respective poem. The most humorous or ironic are some of theshorter poems, such as the four lined stanzas of Faith is a FineInvention and Success Is Counted Sweetest. In Faith, Dickinsonpresents a witty and biting satirical look at Faith and its limitations. Whileit still amuses readers today, it must be mentioned that this short poem wouldhave had a greater impact and seriousness to an audience from the periodDickinson lived in. Dickinson was raised i n a strict Calvinist household andreceived most of her education in her youth at a boarding school that alsofollowed the American Puritanical tradition she was raised in. In this short,witty piece Dickinson addresses two of the main obsessions of her generation:The pursuit of empirical knowledge through science, faith in an all-knowing,all-powerful Christian god and the debate on which was the more powerful belief. In this poem Dickinson uses humor to ease her position in the debate on to thereader. Dickinson uses her ability to write humourously and ironically (as seenin her suggestion of the use of microscopes) to present a firm, controversialopinion into what could be dismissed as an irreverent, inconsequential piece ofwriting. In Success, Dickinsons emphasis is less on humor and more onexpressing irony. This poem may be partially auto-biographical in nature. Dickinson made few attempts during her life to be taken as more than an armaturepoetess. On one occasion, she sent a collection of her poems to a correspondentwho was also a published poet. His criticism of the poems devastated Dickinson,and she never made another attempt towards publishing her works. In Success,Dickinson reflects on the nature of success and how, ironically, it can be bestappreciated and understood by those who have not achieved it and have no tasteof it. As in Faith, Dickinson powerfully presents her thoughts ina few lines. The poem deals only with one, ironic but universal, idea in itsshort length. It is the bitterness expressed at this irony (as found itDickinsons juxtaposition of the words sweetest and sorest, separated by twolines) that is most felt by the reader. While the previous poem expresses thepoetess bitterness and sorrow with one aspect of her life, Im Nobody! Who AreYou? uses humor without irony to address another. In this poem, Dickinson styleappears almost child-like in its of descriptions including frogs and bogs, aswell as the lively energy expressed by the poem through its use of dashes andbrief wording. Dickinson seems to be addressing her spinster, hermit-likeexistence (Im Nobody) and her preference to it. The poetess seems to relatethat her situation has not left her without a sense of humor, but in fact hasallowed her to maintain a child-like outlook on life rather than adapting to theboring norms of her society ( How dreary to be Somebody!). She mocks theconventional need for self-importance through publicity (How public like aFrog / To tell ones name the livelong June -), suggesting that the audienceisnt that interested ( / To an admiring Bog). She instead seems to idealize hersolitude by creating the mysterious feeling of a secret society of socialoutcasts (Dont tell! theyd advertise you know!). In this poem, sheeffectively uses humor to soften a critique of certain members of her society. .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345 , .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345 .postImageUrl , .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345 , .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345:hover , .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345:visited , .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345:active { border:0!important; } .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345:active , .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345 .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ude3ce6db0b78bf7385e712e7d975f345:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Womens Slavery EssayWhile this poem is longer than the other poems discussed, it too is able toexpress the quality of brevity and lightness in that its composition is full ofdashes, with even full sentences broken into short, quick actions that easilyroll off of the tongue when spoken aloud (How dreary to be Somebody). Thetechnical composition of this poem is two stanzas, however, Dickinson is able torefresh the form with her use of dashes and short words to give it

The Danger of Ignorance free essay sample

The Danger of Ignorance â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. † (Mandela) Mandela says that education is a best weapon but I also believe that it is the best defense. In George Orwell’s novella â€Å"Animal Farm†, a pig named Napoleon takes over and does as he pleases. There are so many animals that they could easily overthrow him if they were educated and united. Orwell warns his readers of the danger of ignorance and blindly following someone by using allegory in the form of a fable to cleverly hide a dark story of corruption and lies during the Russian Revolution. In the book, Napoleon represents Joseph Stalin. Stalin brutally takes control of Russia after the death of Nicolai Lenin, who led the Bolshevik Revolution to oust the corrupt regime of Czar Nicholas III. The farm animals take the farm from Mr. Jones. Mr. Jones represents Czar Nicholas III: greedy, selfish, and cruel. Czar Nicholas was overthrown by the Bolsheviks after many years of hard life, laborious work, and low wages. Mr. Jones was overthrown by his own animals after years of starvation, cruelty, toiling in the fields, and having their labors stolen from them. Jones, a drunkard, comes home late one night and the animals had not been fed all day. When the animals could stand their hunger no longer, they broke into the feed store where Jones and his men beat them for eating. This was the tipping point for the animals. The animals could no longer stand Jones’ mistreatment, so they rebelled. They drove the humans out of the farm. The animals were finally free. Another pig named Snowball, who was very intelligent, now wrote the seven concepts of animalism on the barn wall. Napoleon first began to lie and deceive the animals by taking the milk and apples. He got Squealer, a pig quite good at convincing others, to convince the animals that the pigs need the milk and apples to better run the farm, saying that they are â€Å"brain workers. † If the animals would have been smarter then they would have realized that the pigs didn’t need the milk and apples, but they just wanted them for themselves. Squealer represents the propaganda of television, newspapers, movies, and radio broadcasts during the Communist reign of Stalin. The media controlled everything that the people heard. When the animals questioned Napoleon, Squealer would ask, â€Å"You don’t want Jones to come back do you? † Every Sunday the animals would have a meeting in the barn to discuss things and vote. There, Snowball and Napoleon would argue their points and let the animals vote on the issues. In all of these debates Snowball and Napoleon seemed to be on opposite ends of the spectrum. If one was for it the other was against it. The worst of all of these arguments was over the windmill. Snowball paints an image of animal farm run more efficiently and with less work. He says that once they finish it that they will have may modern luxuries. Snowball says that it will be hard work but that when they are done it will pay off. Napoleon strongly opposes the windmill and tries to deter any animals from voting for it. When it is almost time for the animals to vote, and almost all animals are planning to vote for Snowball, Napoleon lets out a high pitched squeal and summons up his nine personal bodyguards. They are nine huge vicious dogs and he commands them to case Snowball off the farm. Later Napoleon reveals that they will proceed with building the windmill and that they will no longer have Sunday meetings and that he will make all the decisions. That night when the animals get over their initial shock over what happened, they begin to question why Napoleon ran Snowball off the farm and why they are still building the windmill, Squealer comes to the rescue. He says that the windmill had been Napoleon’s idea from the very start and that Snowball had stolen it from him saying that it was his own. Squealer then goes as far to say that Snowball was a traitor and that he was conspiring with the humans against the other animals. He also says that napoleon does not want to make all the decisions, but that he takes the extra labor so that the animals do not have to worry. Throughout the novella the uneducated animals are tricked, manipulated and hoodwinked into believing whatever napoleon says. If they had been just a little smarter than they would have realized what was really going on. They would have seen the corruption the lies and the manipulation of there minds. They could have put a stop to it. Works cited Orwell , George . Animal Farm. New York : 1946. Print.

ACT Score Conversion Chart Score Percentiles

ACT Score Conversion Chart Score Percentiles SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you took the ACT or are preparing for the ACT, you should understand score percentiles. Colleges use score percentiles as a way to compare students across the country and within each state. In this article, I’ll explain what an ACT Score Percentile is and how to use it in your ACT score planning. What’s an ACT Score Percentile? According to ACT, Inc., your ACT score percentiles â€Å"are the approximate percentages of recent high school graduates in the U.S. who took the ACT and received scores that are the same as or lower than your scores on the multiple-choice subject area tests and your subscores." More exactly, your percentile tells you abouthow many students scored better and worse than you.For instance, if your score percentile is 65, then you scored higher than 65% of test-takers who sat for the ACT the same day as you did. 35% of test-takers scored better than you. NOTE: Your score percentile isnot the percentage of questions answered correctly. Getting a percentile score of 65 does notmean you answered 65% of questions correctly.Your percentile score is only a comparison between you and other test-takers. How Do I Figure Out My Percentile? The ACT will tell you your percentile ranking for your composite score, for the four individual sections, and for the section subscores on your ACT student score report. Your four individual section score percentiles and your section subscore percentiles are relatively unimportant. Colleges likely don’t look closely at these numbers. When it comes to the ACT, your composite score is the most important number. It’s the number most colleges use when they report admitted student score ranges (which I’ll talk about more in-depth below).However, this policy varies by school, and you should make sure to look up your target school’s policy. Some schools superscore the ACT, so individual section scores do matter for those schools. When you receive your ACT score report, you’ll have a lot of other numbers on there, making the percentile score hard to find. Your composite score percentile is the small number listed as â€Å"U.S. Rank† directly to the right of your big boxed â€Å"Composite Score†: Via ACT.org Your U.S. Rank compares you to every other student in the U.S. who sat for the ACT.For this example student, his or her score percentile was 56, so he or she scored better than 56% of US test-takers.Your State Rank percentile (which is directly to the right of the U.S. Rank percentile) compares you to everyone in your state who tookthe SAT.For this example student, his or her state score percentile was 58, so he or she scored better than 58% of test-takers in his or her state.I’ll go into more depth on why you receive these two different composite percentiles below. ACT Percentile Score Chart If you haven't yet taken the ACT, you can use this chart to get a sense of how US students tend to score on the ACT. You can see in general what is considered a good or bad score based on the percentile. This ACT score chart was compiled using the most recent data from ACT.org. The ACT produced this data using all of the ACT scores of ACT-tested US high school graduates from 2013-2015. NOTE: these numbers do fluctuate slightly from year to year. However, the differences are small. To see the tiny differences, you can compare the chart below to that in our ACT Percentiles article from February 2015 which used the most recent data at the time. The score percentiles fluctuate at most 1-2 percent from year to year. Score Composite Percentiles English Percentiles Math Percentiles Reading Percentiles Science Percentiles 36 99 99 99 99 99 35 99 99 99 99 99 34 99 98 99 98 99 33 99 97 98 97 98 32 98 95 97 95 97 31 96 93 96 92 96 30 95 92 95 89 95 29 92 90 93 86 94 28 90 88 91 84 92 27 87 85 88 81 90 26 83 82 84 78 87 25 79 79 78 75 83 24 74 74 73 71 77 23 68 69 67 66 70 22 63 64 62 61 63 21 56 58 57 55 56 20 50 52 53 48 48 19 43 45 49 42 40 18 36 40 43 36 33 17 30 36 37 31 27 16 24 32 27 25 22 15 18 27 15 21 17 14 12 21 6 16 13 13 7 16 2 9 12 4 13 1 7 6 1 10 1 4 4 10 1 7 1 2 2 9 1 4 1 1 1 8 1 2 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Percentile rankings via ACT.org. Do Percentiles Matter? Your score percentile is somewhat important because it helps colleges compare your ACT score to those of other applicants.It’s important for colleges to have a sense of how you compare to students across the country because if colleges just looked at your scaled score without any other information, they would not have a good sense of what makes a good score and what makes a bad score. For example, if you’d received a 33 composite score and a college did not have the percentile, the college admissions officer might judge that asa school test and think you received 33 out of 36 that about 92% that’s an A-, good but not great. However, with the percentiles, the colleges know a 33 is a 99th percentile score, meaning you scored better than 99% of test-takers, which is excellent. Percentiles allow colleges to get a sense of how test-takers do on the ACT and compare you to the rest of the country. However, the ACT score ranges for your target colleges are more important than your percentile ranking.The ACT score range for colleges is the range in which the middle 50% of admitted students’ ACT scores fall.For example, Yale’s ACT score range is 31-35.This means 25% of admitted students scored below a 31, and 75% scored below a 35. Colleges rely heavily on their score ranges when making admissions decisions for the future class. You’ll want your score to be at or above the 75th percentile (for example, 35 for Yale) to give yourself the best chance of admission.To find ACT score ranges for your target schools, search â€Å"[College Name] ACT Scores Prepscholar.†For more information on this, including how to calculate your target score, read our other guide. Aiming for a score in the 75th percentile for your target schools is much more important than aiming for a score in the 99th percentile in the country.There are a few reasons colleges care about the score range over the score percentile: A college’s score range is often a consideration in rankings, so colleges want to admit students with higher scores. Colleges need to publish their score range every year, so they may want a higher range to seem more impressive to the public. While percentiles should bear more weight in college admissions, your final ACT composite number is the one that is most significant.However, if you're applying to an elite college such as the Ivies, you still should pay attentionto your score percentile - especially your State Rank. The Difference Between U.S. Rank and State Rank in Score Percentiles: An Important Note for Ivy League Hopefuls As I said before, your U.S. Rank compares you to every other student in the U.S. Your State Rank percentile compares you to everyone in your state. This distinction may not seem important, but some colleges pay more attention to your state rank than your nationalone. Why? Because, according to acolleague who worked in college admissions, many topcolleges, like the Ivies and Stanford, care about how many students they admit from each state.If you’ve taken a college campus tour at one of these schools, I’m sure you’ve heard the guide brag about their school representing all 50 states.(This does not hold true for all colleges; small colleges and public universities generallydon't care about enrollingstudents from all 50 states.) Because theseschools want to ensure that they have at least one student from each state, gaining admission to a top collegewill be slightly easier for students in states where the average ACT score is belowthan the national average. Let's discus what this would mean for the example student above:herscore percentile was 56 and herstate score percentile was 58.The example student’s score was better than 56% of test-takers in the US and was better than 58% of test-takers in their state. This means the students in the example student’s state scored worseon average than those in the rest of the country. If the example studentis compared to only the other students in their state, shewill have a better shot of admission than if she iscompared to the students throughout the US. However, let’s imagine another example student who’s from New York. New York is a state where the average ACT score is consistently abovethe national average.According to 2014 data from the ACT, the average ACT score for students from New York was 2.1 points better than the national average ACT score.This new student from New York has an ACT score of 34, a U.S. Rank of 99, and a State Rank of 98. If this new student applied to Yale, where hewould technically fall in the score range of 31-35, hemay have a worse shot of being admitted than if hewas applying as a student from Alaska (where hisscore would likely have a State Rank of 99). Keep in mind, however, thatthe advantage of students from small states with lower average ACT scores is not huge.A student from Alaska with a 29 will most likely not be admitted to Yale, just as a student from New Yorkwith a 29 will most likely not be admitted to Yale. However, a student from Alaska with a 33 will have a better shot of being admitted to Yale thana student from New Yorkwith a 33. If you'refrom a competitive state and applying to an Ivy League school, consider aiming for a percentile score of 99 in your state to make you a top applicant from your state. Overall, don't stress too much about your percentile. Whether you're from Alaska or New York or another state, you should try to get your ACT score into the 25th/75th percentile for your school of choice. To have the best shot of admission,aim fora score at or above the 75th percentile in the ACT score range for your target school. Summary: What Do ACT Percentiles Mean For You? You ACT score percentile compares your scores to the rest of your state (State Rank) and the rest of the country (U.S. Rank).Only the composite score percentile really matters for colleges, as they don’ttypicallyuse the section and subscores. However, check your target college's policy.Plan your ACT score target score using your target school’s ACT score range, notusing the score percentile. For students striving for the Ivy League, you may want to consider your State Rank if you’re in an especially competitive state (where the average ACT score is above the national average).If you fall into this category, consider retesting to strive for a percentile score of 99 in your state to make you a top applicant from your state. What’s Next? Learn more about the ACT and ACT preparation: What's a Good ACT Score for Your College? How Do You Calculate ACT Score? Raw and Scaled Colleges that Superscore ACT: Complete List Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Case study of a man with parkinsons disease

Case study of a man with parkinsons disease Mr Henderson has arrived in hospital after a history of falls at home and has just commenced a new medication regime. It is very possible that he may be anxious, worried, frightened as a result of falling at home which also may result in loss of confidence. He may also be apprehensive about his new medication regime. Having been diagnosed with Parkinson’s for 5 years, he more than likely knowns the importance of getting his medications on time, in reducing the symptoms allowing him to maximise his independence. However, it is not for the nurse to presume this and she/he must sit down, talk to him, allowing him time to talk and express his worried and anxieties. This was help to establish a relationship and Mr Henderson will understand that you are there to support him throughout his journal of care. The nurse should also make sure that all members of the multidisciplinary team are aware of Mr Henderson’s condition and if they are not aware of the importance of getting medication on time out with ‘normal’ drug rounds then they should be informed of its importance and understand the significant consequences resulting from not getting the drugs on time such as reduced independence and prolonged hospital stay. As medications are a large part in maximising independence and mobility and it may be suggested that Mr Henderson receives his medications before getting out of bed in the morning. This will allow time for the drugs to work and therefore enabling him to get out of bed more easily. ‘Freezing’, a symptom of Parkinson’s’ disease can be distressing for patients. It affects gait initiation, turning and moving through small spaces, such a doors and busy areas. Anxiety can exacerbate freezing and it is vital that the nurse can firstly recognise anxiety, this may be achieve through effective communication and listening skills and secondly developing strategies to reduce anxiety levels such as allowing him time to talk, listening and taking on board his expressions allowing for a trusting relationship to be developed, helping him to build in confidence and preparing him psychologically for going home. Various strategies have been suggested to assist with ‘freezing’. Alexander, Fawcett and Runicnan (2006) suggest cognitive techniques in breaking down movement. They suggest breaking down the task of getting out of bed in the morning and describe that patients should bend their knees so that feet are flat on the mattress and they the patient should swing knees in the direction that he wants to turn. The next stage involves clasping both hands and lifting them straight up, straightening the elbows, then turning the head and swinging the arms in the same direction as the legs. Finally the patient can grip the edge of the mattress and adjust his position until comfortable. When Mr Henderson is mobilising then it is important that he does not have any distractions and the nurse or othe r members of staff should not disturb or interrupt if at all possible as this could lead to ‘freezing’. The Parkinson’s Disease Society describe cueing strategies as external meaning visual, auditory or preprioceptive or internal meaning cognitive.

Studying at the University of Colorado Denver Essay - 73

Studying at the University of Colorado Denver - Essay Example Being an international student at the University of Colorado Denver for the last few years, I have more to say to the international students rather than to the local students about this university. As said earlier, this university is one of the extremely diverse universities in America in which students from all parts of the world are studying. It should be noted that studies in a multicultural environment always bring more challenges; however, it brings more opportunities also. Majority of the modern business organizations are interested in keeping a diverse workforce in order to exploit the opportunities of globalization. Studies at the University of Colorado will definitely help students in their future to adapt to the multicultural environments in modern organizations. In other words, University of Colorado provides opportunities to the students to learn: how to behave in a diverse environment; possible challenges that are awaiting students in their future and do’s and don ’ts in a multicultural environment. The University of Colorado provides enough infrastructure facilities to students; both on and off the campus. Apart from having a beautiful natural landscape, Denver provides enough opportunities to the student community for their leisure time activities. Moreover, there are plenty of other resources also to help the students in their learning process. For example, Denver art museum, located at Denver, Colorado is one of the world-famous art museums. It provides art lovers enough items to enjoy and learn. Being an honors student with finance major at this university, I cannot avoid saying something about the honors programs. Students in honors programs in this university are getting enough opportunities to get involved in original research works and that also in the company of efficient CU Denver faculty members. Different scholarships are incorporated into different research project works.

The Effect of Class Size on Student Achievement Dissertation

The Effect of Class Size on Student Achievement - Dissertation Example Therefore, it can be said that, though no significant relation of the class size to student success has been found, a smaller size of the class is preferred by people involved in the learning process. This can be explained by the fact that a smaller number of students makes it easier for a teacher to work with the group. In addition, students feel more comfortable emotionally and psychologically when studying in a smaller class. However, it should be mentioned that the limitations of the research do not allow to make any categorical or ultimate claims. First of all, the number of sample groups is not large enough to reach the statistically significant research results. Secondly, due to a great number of variables, such as differences in students’ prior knowledge, educational and social background, as well instructors’ teaching experience, no statistically grounded argument can be drawn out of the research. Furthermore, another limitation of the study is that there is no knowledge of how the same student would perform in a differently sized type of a class. Therefore, a greater and longer research should be carried out in order to give a definite answer to the question of whether class size influences student’s academic performance. It would be assumed that the hypothesis would have to be rejected. The majority of the people were strongly for reducing class size. It was proven in many studies that the overall progress of students, including achievement levels, did improve in smaller classes. So, the literature review suggests that the hypothesis should be rejected. However, the results of the carried out by me research have shown different results, which, actually, can be used to support the hypothesis. Still, as the analysis of the research suggests, the amount of data received does not allow making any statistically grounded claims. Although I do believe that Grant County high school teachers and students could benefit from a reduction in

Assimilation the Risk of Losing Culture and Identity Essay Example for Free

Assimilation the Risk of Losing Culture and Identity Essay Blacks should not assimilate with the popular dominant culture but instead maintain their own sense of cultural heritage. The black person who makes the choice to integrate into the dominating culture really must be honest with his or her self and admit that all their pronouncements of concern for the welfare of the black community take a backseat to their personal desire to assimilate. These black people are more of a role model to other black people on how to assimilate or integrate into the colorless and racially generic whole of American culture that just so happens to be controlled and dominated from the white community. Although it may sound wonderful to hear someone say that they don’t notice people’s skin color, reality says that people notice color all the time. The pressure placed on blacks by the dominant culture forces them to move toward assimilation hooks urges. ell hooks states that â€Å"One of the most tragic manifestations of the pressure black people feel to assimilate is expressed in the internalization of racist perspectives† (227). Young blacks need to realize that conforming to the dominant culture is not necessary to exist within it. hooks says that â€Å"It is crucial that those among us who resist and rebel, who survive and succeed, speak openly and honestly about our lives and the nature of our personal struggles† (221). In order to resist assimilation black people as a hold need to be more open and honest about the struggles that take place striving for education and success, those who have blazed the trail need to reach back and help those striving to get there. An excellent job is done by hooks in getting the point across about assimilations effects, and also gives those who have chosen to assimilate something to think about, what cost is one willing to pay, is one willing to break family ties and friendship because of the pressure from the dominant culture to assimilate. The pressures of trying to maintain family and community ties and succeeding in life are difficult, these issues gives us some groundwork to fix some of the problems. While it is difficult to achieve education and success while keeping community ties it is possible, hooks says that â€Å"The most powerful resource anyone can have to study and teach in university settings is full understanding and appreciation of the richness, beauty, and primacy of our familial and community backgrounds† (228). ooks has some very valid points, everyone has to look at them and put them into perspective on how it can fit into their lives. There is not one right answer or solution to this problem, everyone has to search within to find a solution, but those whom have traveled on this road less taken have an obligation to teach those who follow. It is imperative to let the youth know that their struggles for identity and success or not in vein and show them that they are appreciated within the comm unity. Without the bounding and nourishment needed to continue the ties, youth will continue to choose to assimilate and take the easy road with less pressure and headaches to deal with. Blacks could better serve the community by assimilating to the dominant culture forces, the melting-pot theory. This view is advantageous to both a government and its people. It is believed that the nation has reached its present state of development because it has been able to forge one national identity. Separating citizens by ethnicity or race and providing special privileges to Blacks can be harmful, where assimilation tends to put everyone on an even playing field. By keeping ties to community and family Blacks draw attention to differences and the dominant culture fosters resentment towards their culture. Blacks in society that make a full effort to be incorporated into the mainstream naturally reciprocate the benefits and approval from mainstream America. Blacks become successful by shedding their cultural heritage and adopting the ways of the popular dominant culture. Typically Blacks absorbed by the ways of the host society, while loosening to varying degrees their connection to their native culture become highly successful. Through this process Blacks are accepted into society and become a part of the dominant culture and national unity is retained. Works Cited: Assimilation: Does it hurt Black people? (2007) Retrieved on 2/10/2008, from www. topix. com/forum/afam/TPIKF7CB1VN57ONEJ Bell Hooks (2000), Where We Stand: Class Matters, By Routledge

Environmental Law Essay -- essays research papers

Nollan vs. CCC Abstract of: 483 U.S. 825, 97 L. Ed.2d 677 James Patrick Nollan, et ux., Appellant v. California Coastal Commission. Case Definition: The case is Nollan versus the California Coastal Commission. The Nollans were the appellates against a decision made by the California Coastal Commission (CCC). The Nollans had been leasing a property on the California coast with which they had an option to buy. The property lies directly at the foot of the Pacific Ocean and is a prime piece of real estate on the California Coast. The property had been used by the Nollans to rent out during the summer months to vacationers. At the end of the Nollans’ lease they took the option to purchase the land and began preparing for the terms of purchase by the previous land owner. Among those terms was the demolishing of the small deteriorating bungalow that the Nollans had been leasing. The Nollans had planned to expand the structure from the small bungalow that it was to a three bedroom house more complimentary to the surrounding homes and their needs. In order to begin destruction of the property and begin rebuilding the site the Nollans had to secure a permit from the California Coastal Commission. Upon submitting the permit application, the CCC found that the permit should be granted on the condition that the Nollans provide public access to the beach and to the local county park, which lay adjacent to the property. This provision called for the Nollans to use a portion of thei...

Challenging depression: The go-to guide for clinicians and patients Essay

Dealing with depression Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a result of high rate of depression in the community, researchers wanted to find out how this depression can be reduced. To start it up he described depression as a resultant effect of physical stress. Many suggestions to deal with this subject were put forward thus making the researcher to come up with a hypothesis claiming that there will either be reduced rates of depression if depressed victims are subjected to physical exercises or there will be no effect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before coming up with above hypothesis it was noted that mostly depression affects you if you are idle or if small things build up in your mind for a long time. The main objective of research was to find out if physical exercise can overcome depression in away. To full fill this, a group of depressed victims were to be exposed to physical exercise. To know whether their rate of depression is reducing, their behaviours were compared to non depressed individuals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To make his research successful, victims were required to fill in forms which reflected the level of activity and also to fill rating scales on thoughts feeling and moods. It was noted that one common behaviour different between the depressed and non depressed is the rate at which they smoked. Most none depressed though smokers did not smoke at high rates as opposed to the depressed. It was further noted that as physical training went on, the rate at which the depressed individuals smoked reduced.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scientifically it is true that when a person subjected to physical exercise, endorphins and morphine chemicals are released in the body. Both chemicals trigger a good feeling in the body thus reducing depression (Zetin, M., Hoepner, C. T., & Kurth, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From above findings it was concluded that one of the cheapest ways to reduce depression is to subject depressed individuals to physical exercise. The researchers hypothesis that is physical exercise reduces depression that was tested against physical exercise can not reduce stress was accepted. References Zetin, M., Hoepner, C. T., & Kurth, J. (2010). Challenging depression: The go-to guide for clinicians and patients. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Source document

Management Philosophy

â€Å"Management aims to accomplish group purposes with the least expenditure of material or human resources† (Koontz, 1969, p. 415). The term management philosophy seems almost oxymoronic in that they appear to work toward different results. The goal of management should be to improve the organization. (Kirkeby, 2000) suggest that the objective of management has always been the goal of making the group, institution, organization, or nation, into the strongest organism possible. Triumph, subjugation, gaining strength, and survival are all priorities of management. These along with personal prestige, acquiring real estate (enlarging your territory), making lots of money, and transferring thought to action paint the perfect picture of today’s successful manager. (Kirkeby, 2000) believes that philosophy is just the opposite, suggesting that philosophy deals with power but in a different way, its focus is the power of thought instead of position or bottom line performance. The pursuit of philosophy is not one of financial gain for the individual but one of freedom and liberation of thought. Similar article: Scientific Management Theory in Health Care Philosophy lends itself to a relationship with reality as opposed to management where goals exist to create, shape, and determine the best reality conducive to productivity. Philosophy does not insist on leading the individual to think, but rather presenting ideas and thought for evaluation and consideration of the individual, allowing them to pick, choose, and add to the original thought, and even completely dismiss. Dr. W. Edwards Deming – The system of profound knowledge/System Theory Dr.  Deming was a known for his work in the many fields to include management philosophy. The management philosophy of Dr. Deming is centered on the system of profound knowledge. The System of Profound Knowledge was presented in his book titled â€Å"The New Economics†, (Deming, 1994). The system of profound knowledge provides a map of theory with assist us in understanding the organizations that we work in. It is comprised of four major tenets (Deming); â€Å"Appreciation of a System, Theory of Knowledge, Theory of Variation, and Psychology†. Deming goes on to suggest that â€Å"many themes show up in various parts of the System of Profound Knowledge, particularly those relating to organizational purpose, driving out fear in an organization, and understanding the implications of variation† (Deming, p. 11). Systems theory lays out management methods that can create systems out of organizations, and the advantages of these systems. There are many road blocks to the establishing an organizational system, (Deming, 1994) describes some of the road blocks as; focus on the benefit of performance from one aspect of the system. This feeds self interest and promotion. Internal competition; this leads to business units with holding information and not willing to share resources and the use of the performance appraisal; this creates a mind-set geared toward individual performance. (Deming) breaks down the four tenets that make up the system of profound knowledge; the Theory of Knowledge or epistemology as it is often referred provides a description for a system that focuses on learning and the use of theory. The Theory of Variation; its purpose is to assist managers in understanding what variation is and how this understanding will improve process within the system. Deming describes management as the ability to predict and for this reason an in-depth understanding of variation is all the more critical. Psychology; is seen and utilized in all aspects of Deming’s system. Deming’s suggest that manages must be able to identify psychological influences on and in their respective units if they are to become a true system. Scientific Management  There are examples all a round us concerning the benefit of Scientific Management; planes, trains, and automobiles, processes, and work environments that we engage each day. All of these examples and many others function and are produced at a higher rate of efficiently due to Scientific Management. Frederick W. Taylor born on March 20, 1865 considered â€Å"the father of Scientific Management†. He strongly campaigned for less human interaction and more machine driven production, even going on to say â€Å"In the past the man has been first; in the future the system must be first† (Worthy, 1959, p. 3). One of the driving factors for Taylor’s scientific management was that he believed the industrial management of his day was run by individuals that had no professional amplitude Deming suggested that â€Å"management could be formulated as an academic discipline, and that the best results would come from the partnership between a trained and qualified management and a cooperative and innovative workforce† (Weisbord, 1987, p. 9). â€Å"Taylorism† became the first big management fad. Taylor's scientific management consisted of four principles (Weisbord, 1987): 1. Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based on a scientific study of the tasks. 2. Scientifically select, train, and develop each employee rather than passively leaving them to train themselves. 3. Provide detailed instruction and supervision of each worker in the performance of that worker's discrete task. 4. Divide work equally between managers and workers, so that the managers apply scientific management principles to planning the work and the workers actually perform the tasks. Taylor was the first to present a systematic study of interactions among job requirements such as tools, methods, and human skill. To fit people to jobs both psychologically and physically, and to let data and facts do the talking rather than prejudice, opinions, or egos† (Weisbord, 1987, p. 10). As scientific management increased in popularity Taylor became more outspoken concerning his position on human relations in the work place, assuming that workers were â€Å"lazy, won't take responsibility, lack desire to achieve significant results, demonstrate inability to direct their own behavior, show indifference to organizational needs, prefer to be led by others, and avoid making decisions whenever possible. † (Montgomery, 1989, p. 6). Compare and Contrast Scientific Management – although scientific management has played and will continue to be an important aspect of our universal business model for production, it is necessary to note the weaknesses that this method contains. Such as its negative influence in current work environments concerning the human contribution. The tenants of Scientific Management are not applicable to all modern organizations. Nelson notes that â€Å"Scientific Management is perhaps best seen as an evolutionary stage in management’s ever developing history. † (Nelson, 1980, p. 14). Today’s the average employee has increased in their understanding of self-worth and their ontribution to the organization. Employees are no longer content with just the financial reward for their work; they also receive satisfaction when allowed to participate in the benefit of the organizations success. The Scientific Management system viewed workers as interested only in the economic reward and working toward that end only. (Worthy, 1959, p. 42) states that â€Å"in current organizations it has been recognized that productivity and success is not just obtained by controlling all factors in the work place, but by contributing to the social well-being and development of the individual employee. Scientific management’s negative aspects are apparent when evaluating the value of employees in the context of organizational contribution and success. (Nelson, 1980) uncovers that at the Taylor’s methods for managing the workers were not fully accepted by thousands of manufacturing plants due to fear of alienating the employees. Nelson states that â€Å"the principals of scientific management are unquestionably authoritarian in that they assume decision-making is best kept at the top of the organization because there exist a lack of trust in the competence of the employees. † (Nelson, p. 27). System of profound knowledge – Dr. Deming’s system of profound knowledge is quite different form that of Taylor’s scientific management in several ways that will be discussed here. The first is in my opinion the most significance, Dr. Deming’s system of profound knowledge unlike scientific management starts with the individual. Transformation of the individual is a key aspect of this system. This transformation is the result of understanding of the system of profound knowledge. (Deming, 1994) suggest that the once a person is transformed, they will understand that their life has value and real meaning. These principles will then be applied to all relationships, personal, professional, and social. The individual upon understanding the system of profound knowledge now has a point of reference for decisions and for organizations that they are a part of. The one challenge that I can see with the system of profound knowledge is this constant pursuit to improve. How do you start? How do you set down all of the baggage in order for transformation to actually begin? The last challenge that I see with this system is that all four tenants have to be put into play, if one of the four is not operative then the other three become null and void. Conclusion While both of these management philosophies/systems proved to be of benefit in different times when injected into different organizations, they are not without challenge and negative aspects. People, while they operate within systems, sub-systems, or processes, they are not comprised of them, however complex they are. When individuals are introduced into a system there has to be processes that will gage the individual performance outside of the system as well as within the system. If not the employee will always be subject to the system and not allowed to explore and identify their potential for success within other systems.

Iufaa essays

Iufaa essays Iufaa was an Egyptian whose tomb was recently discovered at Abusir. Through the excavation of his tomb, archeologists have found much information about the Egyptians and about the Persians when they occupied Egypt. Czech archeologists opened his tomb February28, 1998. Through gathering information about his tomb, they found that he was about thirty years old when he died. Iufaa was lector priest and controller of the palace of Pharaoh Ankhkaenre Psamtik during the twenty-sixth dynasty. The Persian ruler Cambyses dethroned the pharaoh. Czech archeologists from the Institute of Egyptology found his tomb. Miroslav Verner headed their team. He said that the mummy was the most intact mummy that he had ever seen. Miroslav Verner and his team started the excavation process in 1995. Verner said the tomb had remained undisturbed for twenty- five hundred years. Verner also said he expects to find more rooms. The mummy had disintegrated badly and it was dried out. The mummy that was two thousand five hundred years old from 525 BCE had fungus spreading all over it. When Verner and his team opened the tomb, they found that there were neither jewels nor gold in the tomb. The walls of the tomb were covered with hieroglyphics, spells, and invocation prayers of the ancient text. There was also prayers from the Book of the Dead on the walls. After Verner and his team lifted the two-ton lid of the outer sarcophagus, they found an inner sarcophagus of black-green rock, whose lid was decorated with someones face. Inside was a coffin covered with blue beaded cloth. The mummy inside was Iufaa. Iufaas tomb was 92 feet below the desert floor. When Verners team got to the tomb it was still intact and it was undisturbed by robbers for thousands of years. Iufaas tomb had been left unopened for many years. Iufaa was the lector priest and controller of the palace at Abusir. Abusir is 10 miles south of pres...

Recent Current Event Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recent Current Event Analysis - Essay Example 3). This was corroborated by U.S. Senator Marco Rubio whose statements during a radio interview on From Washington al Mundos show and was disclosed to expound on â€Å"how access to the Internet empowers individuals and can be used to help promote democracy† (Capitol Hill Cubans). The main argument in the article is that the "Internet use is a less effective means to mobilize citizens for democracy in extremely authoritarian countries† (Science Daily par. 4). As indicated, the relevance of the results focus on supporting the comparative method and the modernization theory which clearly demonstrates that â€Å"there are some countries that currently appear to have the right political and technological mix for the internet to play a role in social and political change. Those countries include Kenya, Senegal, Uganda, Singapore and Zambia. But countries in the survey that are run by highly authoritarian regimes, such as Vietnam and Zimbabwe, are not likely to see democracy flourishing anytime soon, regardless of use of the internet† (Science Daily par. 13 & 14). Under the modernization theory, â€Å"advanced industrial technology produces not only economic growth in developing societies but also other structural and cultural changes† (Armer and Sillis par. 7). One strongly believes that the Internet has actually accorded vast opportunities for transformations that include political change. However, as contended in the article, political change could only be possibly effectively promoted using the Internet when current political structure permits its prolific application. As validated, in countries where complete authoritarian power rules, there are expected restrictions and constraints in accessing the Internet and in freely communicating personal ideas and thoughts – for the precise reasons that these governments preclude its people to plant the seeds of democracy, as could possibly be propagated through the

Research Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Analysis - Assignment Example This paper examines two health researches to point out that researches though, similar in type of industry being studied upon, does not always mean that the studies will utilize similar research methods and that appropriate methods should be a huge consideration to be able to study in depth the external and internal validities of such studies. Keywords: analyze, methodologies, research design, variables, interventions, timeframes, rationale, external and internal validity Research Analysis: A Closer Look at the Methodology of Two Different Health Research Studies Research studies were conducted to determine the cause and effect relationship of each independent variable to its corresponding dependent variables. The aim of these studies is to generate conclusions on the relevance of a certain variable to the samples and to provide evidenced based decision making on the issue at hand (â€Å"Study Design†, n.d.). To further analyze the similarities and differences of the methodolo gies used in the two different health research studies, this paper will look at the research designs, variables, interventions, and timeframes and timing along with its corresponding rationales in methods section of each article as used by the authors. ... ata and clinical data of patients, SCHFI scale a 22-item questionnaire that measures heart failure self-care and MLHF questionnaire that is developed to evaluate the quality of life specifically for heart failure patients. Alpha coefficients used for the study are 0.76 for heart failure self-care and 0.94 for quality of life. Data collection was done by soliciting the approval of the physician and the patients to avoid future ethical problems and the interview process thereafter. Data analysis used was descriptive statistics using SPSS base 16.0 software and considering frequencies, means and reliability estimates as well as bivariate correlations as measurements. The purpose of the study is to determine if there are any statistically significant relationships between heart failure, self-care deficits and quality of life among recently hospitalized heart failure patients. The above study showed that there was a clear link between the research purpose which was to determine if there w ere any statistically significant relationships between self-care and quality of life among recently hospitalized heart failure patients and the study design used which was non- experimental such that the study does not involve a control group but refers only to the cross-section sample of the population (â€Å"Evaluation Design†, n.d.). The link can also be inferred by the use of interview process to obtain the data and by the method of analysis which was through the use of descriptive statistics and the social statistics software (SPSS). The intervention in the study was provided for by the inclusion and exclusion criterion that was well defined in the methodology section. The rationale for the inclusion and exclusion criteria to be well defined in the study is to provide the limitation to

Business - Bus Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business - Bus Assignment - Essay Example The company is also planning to reduce its carbon emission by 20 percent. The leadership brands of the company include Pampers, Ariel, Tide, Lenor, Head & Shoulders, Wella, Oral-B, Ace, Ambi Pur, etc. The headquarters of P&G is in Cincinnati, Ohio. There are about 127,000 employees working in P&G, in around 80 countries. The products of P&G are sold in about 180 countries around the world. P&G is a public company and its stocks are listed and traded on New York and Paris Stock Exchange. Organizational Structure There are two units known as Global Business Units (GBU) in the organizational structure of Procter & Gamble. They are the global operation, global business services and the corporate functions. The global business units were effective from 2011. The two GBUs are in two segments of the company, they are: a) beauty product segment, b) health care segment. The primary task of the global business units is to form innovative strategies for launching the brands. The company identif ies the needs of the consumers and develops new products through innovation and upgrading their brand features and quality. This is done through effective marketing plans and floating innovative commercials. The global operational department includes the market or business development department, which has the responsibility of developing market plans at regional level. The business development department identifies the target retail customers, customer trade channels. These are divided into geographical units such as, a) North America, b) Western Europe, c) Latin America, d) Central & Eastern Europe/ Middle-East/ Africa, and e) Asia. The Asian countries include Japan, China, Australia, India, Korea, etc. The global business services includes technology, process and other data tools which help the global business services to introduce better tools for understanding the nuances of the business. This also assists the business development department to offer world-class solutions at lo w cost to the people around the world. The corporate functions are the company level strategies and which help in portfolio analysis, accounting practices, treasury, governance, human resources and other legal and functional support system. This shows that P&G has a flat organizational structure (Procter & Gamble 2012). Key Executives The present President and CEO of Procter & Gamble is Robert McDonald, the chairman is A.G. Lafley, the vice chairman for global operations is Werner Geissler, the CFO is Joe Moeller, the President of Global Business Services and Chief Information Officer is Marc S. Pritchard, the Global Human Resources Officer is Filippo Passerini, the Chief Technology Officer is Robert L. Fregolle, Jr and the Global Brand Building Officer is Valarie L. Sheppard. Financial Strategy The financial highlights of the company show that the company has generated sales revenue of $82,559 million in the year 2011. The operating income was $15,818. If we analyze the financial c ondition of different product segments, then in beauty segment the leading products were Head & Shoulders, Olay, Pantene, Wella, etc. The revenue generated from sales was about 24 percent, in the grooming segment the popular brands are Braun, Fusion, Gillette Mach 3, etc. The sales generated from the department were about 9 percent.

CBRN Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear weapons Essay

CBRN Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear weapons - Essay Example In the modern context, political instability is a serious problem because one cannot expect an unstable state to be responsible towards humanity. Comparing with nuclear weapons, radiological weapons are with less capacity to create severe damage. To be specific, this sort of weapons is generally used to create chaos among the mass. Within this scenario, world nations suspect that notorious terrorist organizations may make use of this weapon to intimidate humanity. For instance, the Padilla case (2002) proves that terrorist groups have worldwide network and are strong enough to use radiological weapons. To be specific, the government suspected that Padilla may involve in jihad because he is trained to handle radiological weapons. Besides, this person is closely related to the leadership within Al-Qaeda. So, the Padilla case proves that terrorist groups may make use of civilians to handle radioactive weapons. In my opinion, Al-Qaeda possesses economic capability to plot and conduct a severe attack using radiological weapon. Shane (2010) states that, â€Å"Al Qaeda is on the march again, targeting the country from within and without, and your hapless government cannot protect you† (p. A1). To be specific, the revenue from oil trade in the Middle East supports Al-Qaeda. So, one can see that economic capability is not a serious problem for the terrorist organizations. On the other side, the former satellite nations related to Russia (USSR) may have weapons (say, nuclear) and the terrorist organizations can easily influence these nations. Besides, the terrorist organizations make use of religious ideology to attract individuals who live in U.S. and other western nations. Mendelsohn (2009) states that, â€Å"Al Qaeda has never disguised its desire to acquire weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear capabilities† (p.77). So, I rate the threat of radiological weapons as high risk because

Effects of Earthquakes on Humans and Environment

Effects of Earthquakes on Humans and Environment Earthquakes can have disastrous effects on humans and on the environment. An earthquake is the result of trembling, rolling and vibration of the ground triggered by the sudden release of energy that is stored below the surface of the Earth (Ford 2004). A scientific instrument called a seismometer is used by scientists to record, and measure strengthens of earthquakes (McNally 2007). The intensity or the size of an earthquake is measured by a number called the magnitude. Actually, earthquakes occur in everyday and everywhere and as a result, the estimate by scientists for each day is that more than thousands minor earthquakes happen without triggering any physical damage and mostly they are imperceptible. Earthquakes frequently occur in the following countries: China, Indonesia, Pakistan, Iran, United States, Japan, and the Philippines. In these regions there are a lot of earthquakes and also they have numerous volcanoes. There are three main causes of earthquakes: tectonic plate move ment, human activities, and volcanic eruptions. 2. Background Earthquakes destroy property and cause death. On July 28, 1976, there was a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in the city of Tangshan (Rosenberg 1997). The strength of the earthquake was recorded by a scientific instrument called a seismometer, also known as a seismograph. It is an instrument that can detect and measure the ground motion from an earthquake (McNally 2007). At 0342 local time, the earthquake hit Tangshan and over a million of people were sleeping. As a result, hundreds of thousands of people were killed and many people were reported missing and presumed dead. There were a lot of people were badly injured. Tangshan is located in Northeastern China Å’an area devastated by earthquakes. The earthquake was so strong that it triggered infrastructure collapse including houses, schools, shops, heath clinics, roads, railway station, factories, and bridges. The people in Beijing also felt the tremors. A lot of people lost their lives because most their houses were completely destroyed . The city of Tangshan is being rebuilt nowadays by its citizens. 3. Causes 3.1 Cause 1: Tectonic Plate Movement The main cause of earthquakes is tectonic plate movement. The crust of the earth consists of many pieces called tectonic plates. There are plates along the outer layer of the earth which are floating on the molten magma under the crust of the earth. (Ganguly 2008) The convection current in the molten magma drive the plates to move inside the earth. They move continuously until they pass through each other. When the two plates meet together, they start to push and rub each other but they are not moving. After a while, the pressure beneath builds up and keeps on rising. Once they cannot contain the pressure, it will be expelled. This sudden release of energy and the strength of the plates cause the ground shake and the two plates start to break. (Why do earthquake happen? n.d.) For example, on December 26, 2004, an earthquake hit the Sumatra, Indonesia where the Indian and Burmese plates in India Ocean are broken and one plate is moved across the top of the other plate. (Magnitude 9.1- Off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra 2008) The region that breaks on the crust is known as a fault which usually can be seen on the surface of the earth. The point where earthquakes begin and break the plates underground is known as focus and above the focus, on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. During plate movement, one plate gets submerged into the molten magma and another plate is moved across the top of it. This plate rises up due to the heat of molten magma. The plates keep on moving until they get stuck against each other. Most earthquakes take place on the edges of the plates where one plate is forced further into the earth crust while another plate is moved across the top of the submerged plate. 3.2 Cause 2: Human Activities Another contributing factor to earthquakes is human activities. There are many human activities that cause an earthquake. Building skyscrapers is a good example that may cause an earthquake. Many engineers and scientists are concerned about the types of buildings in construction. Skyscraper Taipei 101 with the height of 508 meters which is the worlds tallest building. According to the geologist Cheng Horng Ling (2005), from the National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 101 may cause an earthquake because the 101-storey skyscraper is built the stress on an earthquake fault. An ancient earthquake fault may reopen as the stress from the buildings exerting on the ground increases. Besides that, the injection of fluids in the mountain or into the crust of the earth also triggers earthquakes. A long time ago, the main purpose of humans injecting fluid was that the injection was the best way to dispose of toxic waste. For example, in the Rocky Mountains where there is a place for waste disp osal. (Madrigal, A 2008) The injection of fluids into deep wells causes changing of the stress of the underground and the stress can generate an earthquake. Furthermore, the release of pressure when extracting oil and natural gas can also cause earthquake. 3.3 Cause 3: Volcanic Eruptions In addition, volcanic eruptions can also cause earthquakes. Normally, earthquakes are very active in areas of volcanic activity where they can either occur on their own or with the eruption. (Presnell 2002) Most of the time, the earthquakes triggered by the eruption of volcanoes are within ten to twenty miles around the volcanoes. In order to release the huge pressure that builds up by the molten magma underneath the earth crust, it always tries to look for an opening or an area that is fairly weak. (Ganguly 2008) Therefore, areas that have active volcanoes accompanied by volcanic activities are always prone to the earthquakes because the pressure builds up by the magma has surpassed the limit that earth crust can sustain. If a volcano eruption produces acidic lava then it can be predicted that there will an earthquake with the strongest magnitude. It is because acidic lava will solidify once it contacts the air and block the volcanos vents so that pressure cannot escape. As a result , pressure is developed inside and the resultant explosion can be destructive and destroying, producing an earthquake of significant magnitude. 4. Transition Statement Having looked at the causes of earthquakes, its main effects will be discussed in the following. The effects can be in terms of social, environmental and economic. An earthquake can bring great impacts to the society. It is an unbearable scene as people die in the aftermath of earthquakes and leaving their love one to suffer from their death. Some of natural disasters like tsunamis and landslides can be triggered by earthquakes. Earthquakes can also have disastrous effect to the countrys economy. 5. Effects 5.1 Effect 1: Social Impacts One of the biggest effects of earthquakes is the social impact on survivors. Earthquakes have short term impacts as well as long term impacts. The short term impacts can be seen in the aftermath of earthquakes. We can see thousands of people dying and many corpses. The 2008 earthquake in Sichuan, China, for instance, caused tens of thousands of deaths and hundreds thousands of people were injured. (Magnitude 7.9-Eastern Sichuan, China 2008.) A powerful earthquake can destroy buildings, factories, shops, roads, bridges and schools. These cause many people to become homeless. Furthermore, earthquakes can cause disruption to public services like transport systems and communication connections. (Earthquake n.d.) Worst of all, survivors face a lack of drinking water because water pipes burst and water supplies are contaminated. In the cases of long term social impacts, thousands of children became orphans as their parents are killed in the earthquake. Most of the parents are depressed and the town lost a generation because their children were killed in schools that collapsed. 5.2 Effect 2: Environmental Impacts There are also environmental impacts. A tsunami, for instance, is produced by an earthquake. Tsunamis are tidal waves that are caused by the sudden movement of plates under the sea floor during an underwater earthquake. (What are effects of earthquakes? n.d.) This wave can move swiftly a long way across the ocean. (Effects of earthquakes n.d.) When a large scale of tsunami hits the seashore area, it can trigger enormous erosion as well as destroy buildings in its path. Worst of all, people will also be washed away by the tsunami. For example, on December 26, 2004, a tsunami hit some nations around the Indian Ocean and caused hundreds of thousands of deaths. Earthquakes can cause landslides. It is very dangerous especially for buildings in unstable area on hillsides or mountains where soft soils can be liquefied by the tremors of earthquakes. During an earthquake, buildings can fall down hills with soil and bury people under the soil. People will be buried alive. In addition, aftersho cks are also effects of earthquakes. Aftershocks are small tremors which disperse it to other places and other people can feel it after the main shocks of an earthquake. For instance, in Penang, Malaysia, there are no earthquakes, but when an earthquake happened in Sumatra it was so great that even Malaysians living in Penang experienced aftershocks. (See 2006) 5.3 Effect 3: Economics Impacts Apart from social and environmental impacts, earthquakes also have negative effects on a nations economy. Governments have to be responsible for the damage caused by earthquakes. As we can see, earthquakes cause infrastructures to collapse, reservoirs dams, shops, and hospitals are devastated after an earthquake. (Earthquake n.d.) Governments have to spend sizeable amounts of money to rebuild the place. Earthquakes also cause spending of the capital to distribute food and medicine to victims. Markets in particular may be disrupted and this causes uneasy trade. Furthermore, investors whose money is in that particular area for development may decide to withdraw. Once the investors withdraw the investment in the particular country, it will a cause loss of job opportunities as well as the countrys income diminishing and an unstable of economy. 6. Conclusion In conclusion, earthquakes are hard to predict and can happen any time. Tectonics plate movement, human activities and volcanic eruptions are 3 of the causes of earthquakes, whose effects can be felt socially, environmentally, and economically. As we can see, prevention of earthquakes is absolutely impossible, so, suitable action to reduce injury and death is of uttermost importance. Some safety action should take place, such as evacuation and safety build structures to resist earthquakes. Some countries, such as the United States and Japan carried out research about public buildings designed to resist earthquakes. (Moleworth 2008) The results are that the whole building will move to and fro without trembling. It is very important to have this facility in earthquakes zones as damage and lives are at risk. (1775 words) References Bignerds. 2008. Earthquake. http://www.bignerds.com/essays/Earthquake/1237.html (accessed October 6, 2008) Earthquake. n.d. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/platetectonics/earthquakesrev3.shtml (accessed October 13, 2008) Effects of earthquakes. n.d. http://www.olympus.net/personal/gofamily/quake/effects.html (accessed October 21, 2008) Ford, R. 2004. Glossary. http://resweb.llu.edu/rford/docs/VGD/GSLVT/gslglossary.html (accessed October 21, 2008) Ganguly, P. 2008. What causes earthquakes? http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-causes-earthquake.html (accessed October 17, 2008) Madrigal, A. 2008. Top 5 ways to cause a man-made earthquake. http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/06/top-5-ways-that.html (accessed October 29, 2008) Magnitude 7.9-Eastern Sichuan, China. 2008. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2008ryan.php (accessed October 13, 2008) Magnitude 9.1-Off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra. 2008 http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2004/usslav/ (accessed October 13, 2008) McNally, K. 2007. Earthquake. http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/earthquake_worldbook.html (accessed October 13, 2008) Molesworth, C. 2008. Pacific builder and engineer. http://www.acppubs.com/blog/1210000521/post/260034826.html (accessed October 27, 2008) Presnell, W. 2002. What causes earthquakes? http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/causesearthquak_tsjl.htm (accessed October 21, 2008) Ravillious, K. 2008. Skyscraper that may cause earthquakes http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2005/dec/02/naturaldisasters.climatechange (accessed October 6, 2008) Rosenberg, J. n.d. Tangshan: The deadliest earthquake. http://history1900s.about.com/od/horribledisasters/a/tangshan.htm (accessed October 21, 2008) See, B and S. C. Looi. 2008. Tremors felt in Penang. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/2/20/nation/20080220191502sec=nation (accessed October 13, 2008) The Free Dictionary. n.d. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/aftershock (accessed October 30, 2008) What are the effects of earthquake? n.d. http://www.usgs.gov/faq/list_faq_by_category/get_answer.asp?id=197 (accessed October 30, 2008) Why do earthquake happen? n.d. http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/why.html (accessed October 17, 2008)

The Anatomy and Actions of the Knee Essay -- essays research papers

The knee joint is formed by the articulation of the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia. The fibula is only involved to the extent that it serves as an attachment site for connective tissue. In this paper, the anatomy of the joint will be discussed. The knee is a hinge-type, diarthrotic, or freely moveable joint. Also referred to as a synovial joint, the 2 articulating ends of bone are encased in a capsule that lubricates the joint with synovial fluid to reduce friction. Each bone in a synovial joint has articular cartilage at the articulating surface. The C-shaped medial and lateral menisci serve to deepen the articulation at the superior surface of the tibia, thus enhancing the bony stability of the joint. Also adding to the joints stability are the two major pairs of ligaments: the cruciates and the collaterals. The medial and lateral collateral ligaments have a stabilizing effect in a lateral plane of motion, helping to prevent sideward displacement and over-rotation. The medial collateral attaches the femur to the tibia, also attaching to the medial meniscus. The lateral collateral attaches the femur to the fibula but has no attachment to the lateral meniscus. Both collaterals lie slightly posterior to the lateral axis of the knee joint and are taut when the knee is full extension. This positioning of the ligaments causes a slackness when flexion occurs, allowing medial and lateral rotation to take place. The cruciate ligaments are so named because of their cross-configuration within the joint. The anterior cruciate ligament attaches to the tibia on its anterior-superior surface, crossing through the joint from the medial side to its lateral attachment on the femur. The posterior cruciate ligament attaches on the posterior-superior aspect of the tibia, crossing diagonally and medially to its lateral attachment on the femur. The anterior and posterior cruciates protect against hyperextension and hyperflexion, respectively. The actions performed at the knee include flexion, extension, and medial and lateral rotation. Flexion is the bending of a joint so that the angle between the two bones decreases. The primary muscles that flex the knee are a group collectively known as â€Å"hamstrings.† The hamstrings consist of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus. The muscles that assist in flexion are the sartorius, gracilis,... ...g  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Linea aspera on posterior femur, greater trochanter of femur Insert  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patella and via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extension of knee Nerve  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Femoral VASTUS INTERMEDIUS Orig  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anterior and lateral femoral shaft Insert  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patella and via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extension of the knee Nerve  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Femoral VASTUS MEDIALIS Orig  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Linea aspera on posterior femur Insert  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patella and via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extension of knee Nerve  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Femoral TENSOR FASCIA LATA Orig  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iliac crest (posterior to ASIS) Insert  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iliotibial tract (which continues to attach to the lateral condyle of the tibia)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assists extension of knee Nerve  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Superior gluteal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

How Useful and Reliable Are These Sources in Explaining How Womens Lives Were Affected by World War 1?

How useful and reliable are these sources in explaining how womens lives were affected by World War 1? This essay is going to be about World Ward 1, which started in 1914 and ended in 1918, and how it affected the livs of women. The war made an impact on lives of many women, some in a positive way and some in a negative. Before WW1 women had very little policital power and were considered inferior to men. Men didn't see the need for women to have a voice, and that their opinion was not needed. However, when the war began men were sent to war, leaving job spaces to be filled.This was when the women were called upon to fill these spaces. This was an oppurtunity for women to prove their rights for politicial power. Source A1 supports this because it states ‘by the end of the war in November 1918, women proved that they were just as important to th war effort as men'. This shows that women were successful in doing so and had been given more political power. This source was taken fr om a website focused at GCSE students which means alot of research must have been put into the text, making it reliable. Before the war women were only allowed to do certain jobs.Housemaiding and seamstressing were most common, sometimes farming was also allowed. People say men and women lived in two different worlds. But the war was a turning point for many women. Most stopped work in the domestic service and began work in the industry. Women practically took on the livs of men. Some worked in munition factories, some did farming and some also began army work. Many women's lives turned around dramatically, they became rch and lived a high lifestyle. Source A7 is a poem called ‘Munition Wages' which was written in 1917. It says ‘Earning high wages? yus, five quid a week.A woman, too, mind you, I calls it dim sweet' which shows that women were getting more money than they were before and were becoming happier. ‘With money to spend, years back I wore tatters, now sil k stockings, my friend! ‘ this shows that womens lives were affected hugely from before the war to during the war. This source could be reliable as it is a primary source, however the reliability of this source is questionable as it is only one person's opinion, and it does not give much information about the author. With most women gaining more money each week, they began to become more independant.They no longer had to rely on their husbands to keep them going. Many women would say the war was a good thing. Some would even say it was worthwhile, because they experienced a high lifestyle and got some of the political power they deserved. However there were many women who didn't have such a positive experience. Some were forced to work long hours with short pay. Long shifts like this were a daily routine for most women. They weren't allowed a break and would sometimes become so ill from working non-stop they would drop to the floor in pain, even then they had to pull through a nd continue work.Source A8 supports this as it because it states ‘They were frequently expected to work on till 8pm and were paid only bare time rates for this overtime'. This shows that women were paid normal rates which were extremely low, for sometimes nearly double the hours they should have been doing. With all this work, women must have been exhausted. This source may be reliable as it was taken out of a history book, however the reliability of this source could be questionable as it was written by a campaigner for women's rights, which means it could be biased.And it was alrso written in 1932, which was after the war, so the stories could have been exaggerated or altered over time. During the war, posters and leaflets were given out showing the women ‘doing their part' for the war. However many jobs that were advertised for women were rarely given out. Source A9 supports this as it says ‘female dentists, barbers, and architects- all of which were featured on war saving postcards were extremely rare. Most male dominated proffessions remained closed to women'. This shows that the propaganda that was being used was false advertisement, and was being used to encourage women into work.The press would exaggerate things greatly to make them look better than they actually were. This source may be reliable as it was used for a series for bbc, which is a well respected channel which alot of research is put into. However, it may not be reliable as we don't have any information about what the series was about. At the end of the war women were expected to give up their jobs in place for the men who had come back from the army. ‘Within months of the end of the war, hundreds of thousands of women were out of work' Source A10 shows that women were left jobless. Many were forced back into domestic work again.Some women stayed on the dole but were soon forced back into work when the government reduced unemployment benefit rates. This source may be reliable as it was written in a history book for GCSE students, so research would have been put into it. However it may not be reliable as it may have been exaggerated greatly, as the writer was not in the war. After examining all the sources thoroughly, it is fair to say womens lives did change dramatically. Lifestyle changes, changes in confidence and independance, political power and the view of women altogether were the biggest changes.

Getting The Extra Bit Out Of Your Employees Essay

An employee is required to contribute 40 to 48 hours of productive work in terms of service or visible output. The very purpose of employment is for the employer to generate enough revenue so that he can not only pay your wages, but also make some profit for himself and retain a portion of the profits for contingencies. It is widely accepted that in most cases though the employer is required by law to pay the employee for all the 365 days of the year, the employee output is restricted to some 250 days or in that region. Thus, even when the employee is not working, the employer has to support him/her. The manufacturing sector can lay down norms to measure the output of each employee and relate it to the quantum of work produced. But, in the services sector it is difficult to quantify the output of each individual. The flow of work can also not be uniform in the case of the services sector. Evaluation: In this context, let us examine the working of a Supermarket. The flow of customers into the supermarket will vary during the day as also during the month. In most cases, the evenings will see more customers coming in, while the mornings will see fewer of them. The noon period of the day can be thinner still. Thus, we have a situation where the productive output of the employee is not available to the employer all through the 7 or 8 hours that he/she spends in the Supermarket. So, the effective throughput (actual time spent in producing goods/services) diminishes to anywhere between 5 and 6 or 4 and 6 hours. The employer has to earn adequate revenue to compensate the employees and even take care of eventualities. Therefore, in most parts of the world, employers, particularly in the services sector, manage to get that extra bit of work done by each employee. Institutions, enterprises or organizations strive continuously to optimize their return on investment and use employee motivation as a major tool to achieve this. After all, it is the collective performance of employees that would manifest itself into a successful enterprise. It is not essential at all times to monetize motivation. There are several other means of motivating the employees to get optimal results. For example, in the case under discussion, we need to get an extra 30 minutes of work from each employee. The employer is unwilling to pay for that extra time or simply cannot afford to. So many terminologies and reasons will be attributed to safeguard that extra bit of money. But, heads of departments still have to achieve the desired results and with no extra money available in their hands. Conclusion: Though money is very important to employees, other factors go into employment. In the instant case, the manager can explain to the employees that by spending an extra 30 minutes after the scheduled time and reorganizing the merchandise for the next day, they will be able to start right away when they commence work on the following day. Customers walking in during the first hour will be able to transact their business quickly and this in turn will bring in more of such early customers. Another method is to address all the employees together and evolve a pattern whereby some employees can report early for work and leave at the scheduled time, some employees can shrink their breaks to accommodate the extra time required, and some can even leave late. After all, every one of us spend a lions share of the daylight hours in our respective breadwinning activity. With the correct methodology employed, getting employees to contribute 30 minutes of extra work per day can be achieved without denting the employer’s purse.